JPH0726424B2 - Attachment / detachment mechanism for construction machinery - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a construction machine used for excavating and leveling earth and sand, and in particular, an accessory for performing various types of civil construction work at the tip of a boom. The present invention relates to an accessory attaching / detaching mechanism for a construction machine, which enables detachable connection of articles.

[Conventional technology]

Construction machinery, especially excavators, ditchers called backhoes,
In the digging machine, the accessories attached to the boom are often replaced for the purpose of work.

Conventionally, excavators have been widely used in the field of civil engineering and construction work, and in this excavator, a bucket for excavating earth and sand was connected to the tip of an arm. And, by swinging the arm and the bucket with a hydraulic cylinder, the arm and the bucket have been widely used for digging earth and sand and forming a groove.

However, the excavator is not limited to simply attaching a bucket to the end of the arm to perform a digging work, but also uses the mechanism to divert the work to another work. In other words, instead of the bucket attached to the arm, other accessories may be connected and used for specific civil engineering work or construction work. For example, there were cases where buckets with different excavation widths were attached, and work was performed by adjusting the hardness of earth and sand and the width of grooves. Also, connect a breaker to the tip of the arm,
In some cases, a grip was attached and used for demolition work and cargo handling work. By combining these various accessories, the excavator could be applied to a wide variety of construction sites, and the applicability at the work site was improved.

When converting and connecting such accessories, conventionally, the bucket attached to the tip of the arm is removed, and the accessories for each application are manually connected. In this work, first, the pin connecting the arm and the bucket is removed, and the bucket is separated from the arm. Then, after connecting the other accessory to the arm, a pin is inserted so as to penetrate the accessory and the arm to connect them. The work of attaching and detaching accessories for changing the purpose of this excavator was performed by inputting, and the work for removing and inserting pins and exchanging accessories was time-consuming, and more than one worker was required. If personnel are required to replace such accessories, the efficiency at the work site is hindered. For this reason, if it becomes possible to freely attach and detach the accessory according to the purpose of work to the tip of the arm, the labor efficiency and time efficiency at the work site will be greatly improved.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

Therefore, if only the operator operating the excavator can attach and detach the accessory attached to the tip of the arm and replace it with the accessory for other purposes, another operator for replacement can be used. You don't need it.

And the excavator operator can perform the replacement work alone, and if the work such as removing and inserting the pin penetrating the arm as in the past is not necessary, the work will be safe, the time for replacement can be reduced, and extremely work It will be highly efficient.

Therefore, the same inventor as the inventor of the present application proposes an accessory attaching / detaching mechanism in which a hook that can be expanded and contracted vertically is provided at the tip of the arm in order to solve this problem (Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 2)
196763 (JP-A-4-83023)).

In this newly proposed configuration, a pair of hooks oriented in the opposite direction connect accessories such as buckets. For this reason, there is a drawback that the accessory falls unless the hook is always operated so as to be expanded. Further, since the pair of hooks are brought into contact with and engaged with each other from the inside of the pair of pins, there is a drawback that the holding force is weak against external force.

For this reason, an accessory attachment / detachment mechanism that strongly holds the connection between the arm and the accessory has been desired.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention relates to a movable vehicle body, a boom that is placed on the vehicle body and can swing up and down, a connecting body that is provided at the tip of the boom and can freely extend and contract its length, and a connecting body. In a construction machine consisting of an accessory that is combined to perform civil engineering work, hooks facing the outside are fixed above and below this telescopic body, move in conjunction with one hook, and are positioned outside the other hook. By holding a pair of pins on the accessory in parallel with a gap, inserting both hooks between both pins and expanding the total length of the elastic body, both hooks The present invention provides an accessory attachment / detachment mechanism for a construction machine, which allows the attachment hook to contact the inside of the boom and the outside of one of the pins so that the accessory can be detachably connected to the tip of the boom.

[Action]

In the present invention, hooks facing in opposite directions are attached to the expandable bodies attached to the ends of the arms. Further, a holding hook is provided so as to be interlocked with one hook and positioned outside the other hook. Therefore, the upper and lower hooks can be operated to expand and contract in opposite directions by expanding and contracting the elastic body.

At the same time, as the pair of hooks expands and contracts, the pressing hook moves in synchronization with one hook. Therefore, the pair of hooks can be brought into contact with the inside of the pin of the accessory, and at the same time as this operation, the holding hooks are brought into contact with each other so as to hold the outside of one of the pins. From this, one pin is held from the inside and the outside over the entire circumference, and the accessory is less likely to be detached from the tip of the arm due to the stress from the outside.

〔Example〕

 An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view showing a state in which an excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention is attached to a tip of an arm of the excavator.

Crawlers 2 are provided on the lower left and right sides of a vehicle body 1 on which an engine and the like are mounted, and the crawler 2 allows the vehicle body 1 to freely move back and forth and left and right. On the front side of the vehicle body 1 is mounted a boom 3 which is bent in a slightly V shape so as to be vertically swingable. Depression suppression hydraulic cylinders 4 are attached between the right and left of the center of the boom 3 and the front surface of the vehicle body 1, and the boom 3 can be vertically swung by the hydraulic cylinders 4.

A slightly elongated arm 5 is vertically swingably connected to the upper end of the boom 3, and a swinging hydraulic cylinder 6 is provided between the rear center of the boom 3 and the rear end of the arm 5. Intervened. This hydraulic cylinder 6 allows the arm 5 to swing vertically with respect to the boom 3. Further, the rear end of the bucket cylinder 7 is connected to the center of the rear surface of the arm 5, and the start-up links 9 are provided on the left and right of the cylinder rod 8 of the bucket cylinder 7.
Are connected. The lower end of the rising link 9 is connected to both sides near the tip of the arm 5.

Also, a connecting link is provided on the left and right of the tip of the cylinder rod 8.
10 are connected, and the tip of this connecting link 10 and the arm 5
An elastic body 11 that is expanded and contracted by hydraulic pressure is attached between the tips of the. The rising link 9, the connecting link 10, and the expansion / contraction body 11 form a slightly rectangular link mechanism.

The upper hooks 12 are fixed to the upper left and right sides of the elastic body 11, and the lower hooks 13 are fixed to the lower left and right sides of the elastic body 11. A pressing hook 14 extending upward from the lower hook 13 and positioned above the upper hook 12 is located.

The bucket 15 shown in FIG. 1 has a conventionally well-known structure, and a mounting body is attached to a part of the outer periphery of the bucket 15.
16 are connected, and engagement pins 17 and 18 are fixed to the side surface of the mounting body 16 at intervals. This engagement pin 1
7 and 18 may have a structure in which the engaging pins 17 and 18 are inserted and fixed in the mounting holes of the bucket 15 having the conventional structure.

Next, the vicinity of the elastic body 11 will be described in an enlarged manner with reference to FIG.

A rising link 9 and a connecting link 10 are rotatably connected to the left and right ends of the cylinder rod 8 by pins 20. Also, the respective lower ends of the respective startup links 9 are
It is rotatably connected to the side surface near the tip of the arm 5 by a pin 21.

The expandable / contractible body 11 is composed of upper and lower sliding mechanisms, in which the upper cover 24 and the lower cover 25 are symmetrically arranged in the left and right, and the apron portion 26 connecting the two upper covers 24 and the left and right sides. And a connecting plate 27 that connects the lower cover 25. The apron portion 26 and the connecting plate 27 each have a flat shape, and are used to increase the strength of the stretchable body 11.

The two lower covers 25 are slidably inserted into the upper cover 24, respectively.
Is rotatably connected to the tip of the connecting link 10 by a pin 22. The lower cover 25 is rotatably connected to the left and right ends of the arm 5 by pins 23.
Each of the upper cover 24 and the lower cover 25 has a rectangular cross-sectional shape, and both can freely slide in the length direction to change the distance between the pins 22 and 23.

A flat apron portion 26 having a slightly rectangular shape is fixed to the front surfaces of the pair of upper covers 24.
A notch 29 is formed in the center of the upper end of the notch 26 so that the notch is slightly U-shaped. The pair of upper hooks 12 are fixed so as to be symmetrical with each other, approaching the left and right sides of the cut portion 29. Each of the upper hooks 12 is formed as a hook surface 30 having a semicircular arc shape on the projecting upper surface, and the hook surface 30 is open upward. On the pin 22 side of the hook surface 30, a guide surface 31 continuous with the hook surface 30 is formed to be inclined.

An elongated connecting plate 27 is fixed to the front surface of the pair of lower covers 25 and below the front surfaces of the lower covers 25 so as to bridge the lower cover 25. Lower hooks 13 are symmetrically arranged and fixed at positions apart from the center of the connecting plate 27 to the left and right. And similarly, on the lower surface of these lower hooks 13,
A hook surface 32 having a semicircular arc shape is formed downward.

The lower part of the interlocking body 33 bent in a U-shape is fixed to the central back surface of the connecting plate 27. This interlocking body 33
Is formed by, for example, bending an elongated steel plate, and is bent in a U-shape, its central portion does not contact the apron portion 26, but is separated in parallel and extends upward. ing. Then, the upper end of the interlocking body 33 is
It is bent so as to be perpendicular to the plane of the apron portion 26 to form a top portion 34, and the top portion 34 is located in the space of the cutout portion 29. The pressing hook 14 is formed at the tip of the top portion 34.

The holding hook 14 is formed so as to have a semicircular shape as a whole, and the lower surface of the inner circumference thereof has a semicircular pressing surface 35.
Has become. Therefore, the middle of the interlocking body 33 is located at the rear of the apron portion 26, the top 34 is positioned at a right angle in the space of the notch 29, and the holding hook 14 moves up and down in the space of the notch 29. I try not to hinder my life.

Next, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 show the internal structure of the elastic body 11. FIG. 3 shows a part of the right side of the elastic body cut away, and FIG. 4 is a side sectional view showing a state of AA in the perspective view in FIG. is there.

The insides of the upper cover 24 and the lower cover 25 are hollow, and the hollow inside has a hydraulic cylinder for expansion and contraction.
40 is stored. The large-diameter connecting portion 41 at the rear end of the hydraulic cylinder 40 is located at the upper portion of the upper cover 24, and is closely attached to the inner wall of the upper cover 24 via the collars 42 and 43. The pin 22 is penetrated so as to penetrate the large diameter portion 41 and the collars 42 and 43. A stop ring 44 is inserted through each end of the pin 22, and the stop ring 44 is fixed by a key or the like so as not to drop off from the pin 22.

Further, the tip of the cylinder rod 45 which is expanded and contracted from the hydraulic cylinder 40 has a large diameter portion 46, and this large diameter portion 46
Collars 47 and 48 are attached to the left and right sides of the inner wall of the lower cover 24, and the pin 23 is inserted through the lower cover 25, the collars 47 and 48, and the large diameter portion 46. And
Locking rings 49 are inserted through both ends of the pin 23.
The 23 and the locking ring 49 are fixed by a key or the like so as not to fall off.

In this way, the expandable body of this embodiment is connected between the tip of the arm 5 of the conventionally known excavator and the tip of the connecting link 10 instead of the bucket 15.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

First, FIG. 5A shows a state in which no accessory for civil engineering work is attached to the tip of the arm 5, and the operation for attaching the bucket 15 is about to start.

In this case, the bucket cylinder 7 is extended to its maximum length, the hydraulic cylinder 40 in the telescopic body 11 is contracted to the minimum, and the distance between the upper hook 12 and the lower hook 13 is minimized. Keep it narrow. Then, interlocking body 33
Since is fixed to the connecting plate 21, the distance between the upper hook 12 and the pressing hook 14 is maximized, and the empty space is expanded.

In this state, the operating elements for operating the hydraulic cylinders 4 and 6, the boom 3 and the arm 5 are swung up and down to bring the upper hook 12 close to the engagement pin 17 of the bucket 15. At this time, since the bucket cylinder 7 is extended forward, the upper hook 12 is the first head of the connecting mechanism 11, the lower hook 13 faces the vehicle body 1 side, and the lower hook 13 does not contact the engaging pin 18. Further, as described above, since the holding hook 14 is positioned above the upper hook 12, the space between the upper hook 12 and the holding hook 14 is widened so that the engagement pin 17 can freely move. Are formed.

Then, when the inner circumference of the engagement pin 17 is brought into contact with the hook surface 30 of the upper hook 12, the hydraulic cylinders 40 and 6 are operated to slightly depress the arm 5. This state is shown in FIG. 5B.

Then, the engagement pin 17 is hooked on the upper hook 12, and the bucket 15 is lifted up in that state.
In the state shown in FIG. 5B, the upper hook 12
With the 15 still hanging, the bucket cylinder 7 is contracted. Then, the start-up link 9 rotates clockwise about the pin 21 in the drawing, and pulls the connecting link 10 rightward in FIG. Therefore, the entire telescopic body 11 is also pulled to the right and is rotated clockwise around the pin 23, so that the bucket 15 is pulled to the tip of the arm 5. Then, the relatively lower engagement pin
The 18 approaches in the direction of the lower hook 13, and then the lower hook 13 is inserted through the space between the engagement pins 17 and 18.

The lower hook 13 passes over the upper part of the engaging pin 18 and the engaging pin 1
When located in the space 7 or 18, the hydraulic cylinder 40 is extended. Due to the operation of the hydraulic cylinder 40, the cylinder rod 45 is pushed out and acts so as to widen the interval between the pins 22 and 23. Then, the apron part 26 fixed to the upper cover 24 and the connecting plate body 27 fixed to the lower cover 25 move relatively in opposite directions, and the distance between the upper hook 12 and the lower hook 13 becomes longer, and the lower hook relatively. 13 is moved toward the upper surface of the engagement pin 18.

When the hook surface 32 of the lower hook 13 comes into contact with the engaging pin 18, the upper hook 12 and the lower hook 13 are sandwiched between the two engaging pins 17 and 18 so as to expand. Further, at the same time, when the connecting plate 27 extends downward, the fixed interlocking body 33 also extends downward, the top portion 34 and the pressing hook 14 also move downward, and the pressing surface 35 contacts the engaging pin 17 and the upper surface. Will be done. Therefore, the engagement pin 17 has its lower surface contacted by the upper hook 12 and its upper surface contacted by the pressing hook 14, and the outer periphery thereof is clamped from above and below. Thus, FIG. 5C
As shown by, the bucket 15 is connected to the tip of the arm 5.

If the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 40 is kept constant at all times, the hook surfaces 30, 32 of the upper hook 12 and the lower hook 13 are constantly in contact with each other so as to be pressed against the engaging pins 17, 18, and at the same time. The pressing surface 35 of the pressing hook 14 comes into contact with the upper surface of the engagement pin 17. By pressing the two engaging pins from above and below and from above, the bat 15 does not come off the tip of the arm 5.

Contrary to the above, in order to remove the bucket 15 from the tip of the arm 5, by operating in the order of C, B, and A as shown in FIG. Will be removed.

Then, as with the bucket 15, if various accessories in which the engagement pins are fixed at the same intervals as the engagement pins 17 and 18 are prepared, one operator on the vehicle body 1 can perform various accessories. Can be freely selected and attached.

〔The invention's effect〕

Since the present invention is configured as described above, an accessory attachment / detachment mechanism is provided at the tip of a conventional excavator, even though it is a simple mechanism.
Just fix the parallel engagement pins to the accessories such as buckets for civil engineering work and construction work,
You can freely change and attach various accessories to the tip of the arm.

The operation of selecting and attaching / detaching this accessory can be performed by the operation of one operator who is on the vehicle body of the excavator. Workers are not required, work speed can be improved, and labor can be saved. Further, since the engagement pin is held in contact with the upper surface and the lower surface thereof, the accessory does not come off from the tip of the arm.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view showing an example in which an embodiment of the present invention is applied to an excavator, FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view showing an extendable body attached to the tip of an arm, and FIG. 3 is an inside of the extendable body. FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view in which a part of the structure is broken away, FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 2 showing the inside of the elastic body, and FIG. 5 is an explanation showing the operation of this embodiment. It is a figure. 1 ... Car body, 3 ... boom, 5 ... arm, 7 ... bucket cylinder, 9 ... rise link, 10 ... connection link, 11 ... extendable body, 12 ... upper hook, 13 ... bottom hook,
14 …… Holding hook, 15 …… Bucket, 17, 18 …… Engagement pin, 33 …… Interlocking body, 40 …… Hydraulic cylinder.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A movable vehicle body, a boom mounted on the vehicle body and capable of swinging up and down, a connecting body provided at a tip of the boom and capable of freely expanding and contracting its length, and a connecting body. In a construction machine consisting of accessories that engage with each other to perform civil engineering work, hooks facing the outside are fixed above and below this telescopic body, move in conjunction with one hook, and move to the outside of the other hook. A hook to be positioned is provided, and a pair of pins are fixed in parallel to the accessory at intervals, and after inserting both hooks between the two pins, the total length of the elastic body is expanded, so that both hooks An attachment / detachment mechanism for construction machines that allows the attachment hook to contact the inside of the pin and the outside of one of the pins, which allows the accessory to be detachably connected to the tip of the boom.