JPH0762431B2 - Construction method and excavator for underground space - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for constructing a large-section underground space in the ground and an excavating device for carrying out the method.

(Prior Art) Conventionally, in order to build an underground space such as a tunnel in the ground, after excavating the ground to a desired depth with the length and width of the planned underground space from the surface of the earth, the wall is constructed. While excavating the ground with the excavation method and the shield excavator,
A method of sequentially assembling segments at the tail portion of the excavator is generally known.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, according to the excavation method, not only may the construction cannot be performed due to the existence of existing railways and buildings, but also the construction of facilities on the ground for a long period of time during construction. There is a possibility that it will be obstructed all over, and there is a problem that efficient construction is difficult.

On the other hand, according to the shield method, as the diameter of the cutter plate for excavating the ground becomes larger, it cannot be excavated unless the rotation speed of the cutter plate is lowered due to the friction with the ground.
Since it is only possible to excavate up to about m, it is difficult to construct an underground space with a large cross section of 20 m or more, and in addition, the larger the excavation diameter, the more complicated the rotation drive mechanism and other structures, and the strength and There is a problem that precision is required and the manufacturing cost is high.

Also, even if it is suitable for excavation in the deep underground, when excavating in the relatively shallow ground, the ground will collapse, so
It is not suitable as a construction method for constructing a large space in the shallow underground layer.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to solve the above problems and provide an underground space construction method capable of efficiently constructing a large-section underground space and an excavator used for the method.

(Means for Solving the Problem) In order to achieve the above object, the method for constructing an underground space of the present invention is configured such that pilot pipes having a small cross section are parallel to each other at predetermined intervals in the ground along the outer periphery of the planned underground space. Excavation means for excavating the earth and sand between the end faces of the pilot pipes connected to the rear end faces of these pilot pipes and the pilot pipes after press-fitting into the pilot pipes and discharging the excavated earth and sand through the hollow inside of the pilot pipes. The segment material is arranged through the excavator equipped with and the rear end surface of the segment material is pressed to excavate the sand between the pilot pipes by the excavator while advancing the pilot pipe through the excavator. Then, the segment material is embedded, and after the segment material is embedded, the next segment material is sequentially connected to this segment material and the same as above. By burying it, the pilot pipe and the segment material row connected in series are replaced, and this replacement is sequentially performed on the adjacent pilot pipes to form the lining wall of the planned underground space by the segment material row. It is characterized by excavating and removing the ground surrounded by the lining wall.

In addition, as an excavating device for carrying out this method, the front end face is formed at a connection end face portion connecting to the rear end faces of at least two pilot pipes, and a roll cutter or the like is provided between adjacent connection end face portions. The excavation means is provided, and the space for disposing the excavation means is communicated with the hollow interior of the pilot pipe to form a discharge passage for excavated earth and sand, and the rear end face is formed as a contact receiving portion of the segment material. It will be done.

(Operation) Since pilot pipes of small cross section are press-fitted into the ground along the outer circumference of the planned underground space in parallel with each other at predetermined intervals, the underground space of desired cross-sectional shape and size can be freely set in advance. In addition, the pilot pipes are press-fitted into the ground in a state in which they are spaced apart from each other at a certain interval without being closely arranged side by side, so the number of constructions is reduced and the construction can be performed economically and efficiently. , It becomes possible to perform accurate construction while controlling the press-fitting direction accurately, and it is possible to bury it in the ground even in the shallow underground layer without collapsing the ground.

Further, between the rear ends of the adjacent pilot pipes, there are provided connection end faces connected to the rear end faces of these pilot pipes and excavation exclusion means for excavating the sediment between the pilot pipes and discharging the excavated sediment through the hollow inside of the pilot pipes. The segment material is disposed through the excavator, and the rear end surface of the segment material is pressed to excavate the sand between the pilot pipes by the excavator while pushing the pilot pipe through the excavator to advance the segment material. When the segment material is buried, the next segment material is added and sequentially press-fitted.Therefore, the segment material row is accurately press-fitted into the buried trace of the pilot pipe using the pilot pipe as a guide. At that time, excavate the earth and sand between the adjacent pilot pipes with an excavator. Because it is eliminated through the hollow interior of Lee lots pipe, substitution of a pilot pipe and the segment member row segment material subsequent to the drilling device is pressed into precisely and easily promote the pilot pipe trace can be performed better efficiency.

In this way, after replacing the pilot pipe with the segment material row, excavating and removing the ground surrounded by the lining wall formed by the segment material row creates an underground space of a desired size and a desired cross section. It is what is done.

(Embodiment) Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, there is a planned underground space (1) to be built (diameter 25 m) with a length interval (approximately 200 m) from the ground surface to a desired depth. The starting shaft (2) and the reaching shaft (3) reaching the height are excavated and formed (first
Figure).

Next, pilot pipes (4) (4) ... (4) of small cross section are sequentially pressed into the ground along the outer periphery of the planned underground space (1) from the starting shaft (2) to the reaching shaft (3). .

This pilot pipe (4) consists of a square steel pipe (1000 x 1000 mm square) with a fixed length (about 3 m), and as shown in Figs. 12 and 13, a large-diameter circular opening (6) at the front and rear open ends. Are fixed to the joint face plates (5a) (5b) each having a plurality of knock pins (7), and one knock edge pin (7) is projectingly provided on the peripheral edge of one of these joint face plates (5a) (5b), An engaging hole (8) into which the knock pin (7) can be inserted is bored, and bolt mounting holes (9) that can be connected to each other by bolts are provided at a plurality of places.

Reference numeral (10) is an annular packing disposed on the peripheral edge of the opening of the joint face plates (5a), (5b).

In order to press fit the pilot pipe (4) configured as above into the ground, first, a muddy water type having a diameter slightly larger than that of the pilot pipe (4) at the tip end side of the pilot pipe (4) to be first press-fitted. An excavator (11) is arranged and the pilot pipe (4) is propelled after the excavator (12).

The excavator (11) has a cutter plate (11b) rotatably arranged at its opening end by a rotation driving means (11a) such as a motor.
And a partition wall (11c) is provided on the back side of the cutter plate (11b) to form a space between these facing surfaces in the mud chamber (11d). Further, from the start shaft (2) side The muddy water is sent through the pilot pipe (4) to the muddy water chamber (11d) to connect and communicate the muddy water pipes (12) and (13), and the muddy water is pumped through a muddy water tank (not shown) installed on the ground. It is configured to discharge excavated sediment while circulating it.

Now, arrange the excavator (11) in the starting shaft (2) and reach the part of the ground along the outer periphery of the planned underground space (1) shaft (3)
Start the excavator (11) toward the side and
1) The front end of the pilot pipe (4) is inserted into the inner peripheral surface of the rear end of the pilot pipe (4) to receive the same, and the rear wall surface of the starting shaft (2) is oppositely received to the rear end surface of the pilot pipe (4) as a jack (14). ) Is provided and the jack (14) is extended according to the excavation of the ground by the excavator (11), and the pilot pipe (4) is press-fitted subsequently to the excavator (11).

When the press-fitting of one pilot pipe (4) is completed, the next pilot pipe (4) is attached to the facing joint plate (5a) (5b).
The knock pin (7) and the engaging hole (8) are fitted to each other while accurately aligning them, and further, an operator enters the pilot pipe (4) to connect both joint face plates (5a) (5b).
The bolts (15) are connected to each other and the feed and sludge pipes (12) (1) of a certain length equal to the length of the pilot pipe (4) are connected.
After adding 3), jack (14) in the same manner as above.
While pushing with, the excavator (11) is advanced and the pilot pipe (4) is press-fitted.

By repeating this operation, a large number of pilot pipes (4), (4), ... (4) are connected in series and buried in a penetrating state between the compatible shafts (2) and (3), and the reaching shaft (3 ) Side is used for the next pilot pipe burying work.

In this way, the pilot pipes (4) connected in series are press-fitted and buried between the compatible shafts (2) and (3), and then, in the circumferential direction in the cross section of the planned underground space (1) from these serial pilot pipes (4). In the same way as above, the pilot pipe (4) is sequentially press-fitted by the jack (14) into the ground part with a certain interval in the ground while following the excavator (11). A plurality of pipes (3 in the figure) are installed one after another at regular intervals so as to form one set in the circumferential direction, and the opposing pilot pipes (4) and (4) of the adjacent set are close to or in contact with each other. The set of pilot pipe rows are press-fitted so that they are arranged in the circumferential direction of the cross section of the planned underground space.

In addition, the pilot pipe (4) press-fitted into the ground on the ground surface side has the pilot pipe (4) previously attached to the upper surface thereof.
An insulating plate (16) made of an elongated rectangular steel plate having the same length as that of the pilot pipe (4) is placed, and the tip of only the insulating plate (16) on the frontmost pilot pipe (4) is attached to the pilot pipe (4). When it reaches the vertical shaft (3) by being fixed to the tip of the pipe by welding or the like, the fixed portion is separated by cutting or the like, and the insulation on the pilot pipe (4) is successively following the pilot pipe (4). The plates (16) are connected to each other by welding or the like during press fitting.

Further, on the lower peripheral side of the planned underground space (1), as shown in FIG. 3, the pilot pipes (4) may be formed in the open portion (B) where the pilot pipes (4) are not juxtaposed.

The pilot pipe (4) should be installed in the excavator (11).
Without using the pilot pipe (4), the auger screw having the same length as the pilot pipe (4) is sequentially added to each pilot pipe (4) and the auger screw is rotated while the pilot pipe (4) is being excavated. Although it may be press-fitted, it is preferable in the case of the above-mentioned muddy water excavation since it can be used for discharging and excavating the excavated sand after sending and discharging the sludge (12) (13).

In this way, a plurality of pilot pipe rows, each including several parallel pilot pipe rows, are buried between the compatible wells (2) and (3), and then arranged in each pilot pipe (4). The excavator (11) is removed after the excavator (11) is removed by leaving the feeding and draining sludge (12) (13) as it is, and then exposed to the starting shaft (2) as shown in FIG. The segment material (18) is arranged at the rear end of the set of pilot pipe rows through the excavation device (17), and the segment material (18) applies a reaction force to the rear end surface of the starting shaft (2). Instructed jack (19)
The pilot pipe (4) is pressed and pressed into the trace of the pilot pipe (4) while driving the excavation device (17) to propel the pilot pipe (4).

As shown in FIGS. 5 to 8, the excavator (17) has a front end formed at a connecting end face (20) for receiving a rear end face of the pilot pipe (4) at both end portions and a central portion of the front face. The hollow protrusion (21) and the rear surface thereof are substantially equal to the cross-sectional shape of the segment material (18). The flat surface formed on the segment material contact / reception surface (22) having a flat end surface is substantially equal to the pilot pipe (4). A mountain-shaped hollow frame (23) and a pair of upper and lower cutter rolls (24) (25) rotatably disposed between the adjacent hollow protrusions (21) (21) of the hollow frame (23). ) And disk cutters (26) arranged at both ends of the hollow frame (23)
And two sets of feed and discharge mud pipes (27), (28), (29) and (30) arranged in the hollow frame (23), and the cutter rolls (24) (25) The disc cutter (26) and the disk cutter (26) are respectively arranged in the hollow frame body (23) and drive motors (31) (32).
The feed and mud discharge pipes (27) and (28) are rotatably driven by and are connected and communicated with the feed and mud discharge pipes (12) and (13) disposed in the pilot pipe (4), respectively, and their tips are connected. Part is opened in the space part (33) on the back side of the cutter rolls (24) (25), and the other of the feed and sludge discharge pipes (29) (3)
0) is connected to and communicates with one of the feeding and sludge discharge pipes (27) and (28), and the tip opening portion thereof is a disc cutter (26).
It faces the back space part of.

On the other hand, the segment material (18) has a length equal to the dimension between the outer ends of the pilot pipes (4) (4) arranged at both ends of the set of pilot pipes (4), and has a thickness. It is equivalent to (4), and its width (width in the length direction of the pilot pipe) is 1/2 (1500 mm) of the length of the pilot pipe (4), which is the circumferential direction of the planned underground space (1). It is formed in a rectangular shape having a curved cross section.

Further, as shown in FIG. 14, two engaging projections (34) (34) parallel to each other and the engaging projections (34) are provided on both end surfaces in the bending direction of the segment material (18). As shown in FIG. 15, a plurality of joint metal fittings (36) that can be connected to each other by bolts are provided at both end portions in the width direction, each of which has a groove (35) (35) engageable with (34). (36) is integrated.

When press-fitting the segment material (18) formed in this way into the ground, first, the connecting end face (20) of the hollow projecting portion (21) of the excavation device (17) is arranged in each set of pilot pipe rows. Sending and discharging mud pipes (27) that are in contact with the rear end faces of the pilot pipes (4) and are connected to each other by bolts (37) and are arranged in the hollow frame body (23) of the excavation device (17). (28) is connected to the feed and sludge discharge pipes (12) and (13) facing the rear end of each pilot pipe (4), and the feed and sludge discharge pipes (12) and (13) are further connected to a reaching shaft ( After connecting and communicating with a reflux pump and a muddy water tank (not shown) arranged on the 3) side, the segment material contact receiving surface (22) of the hollow frame body (23) of the excavator (17) is segmented. The front end face of the material (18) is brought into contact with the material, the mud water is circulated through the mud pipe, and the cutter roll (24 25) and said segment member while driving the disc cutter (26) (18)
When the rear end face of the excavator (17) is pushed forward by the jack (19), the pilot pipes (4) (4) (4) received by the tip end face of the excavator (17) pass through the excavator (17) and the segment material ( It is propelled in the longitudinal direction according to the pushing of 18), the segment material (18) is embedded in the propulsion trace, and the tip end side of the pilot pipe (4) is pushed out into the reaching shaft (3).

At this time, the excavator (17) also moves forward as one body, excavates the ground between the adjacent pilot pipes (4) and (4) with the upper and lower cutter rolls (24) and (25), and already burys it with the disc cutter (26). Segment material (18)
Excavate the ground on the side edge of the. The disc cutter (26) does not necessarily have to be provided.

In the upper and lower cutter rolls (24) (25), the peripheral surface of the upper cutter roll (24) is formed into a convex arc surface along the outer peripheral surface of the lining cross section of the planned underground space (1), and the lower cutter roll (24) Since 25) is formed as a concave arc surface along the inner peripheral surface thereof, the curved segment material (18) following the excavation device (17) can be smoothly press-fitted and an accurate lining is formed. be able to.

The earth and sand excavated by the upper and lower cutter rolls (24) (25) and the disc cutter (26) are mixed with the muddy water from the mud pipes (27) (29) flowing into the space (33) on the back side thereof. From the sludge discharge pipes (28) (30), it is led out to the arrival shaft (3) side through the sludge discharge pipe (13) in the pilot pipe (4) and eliminated.

When the press-fitting of one segment material (18) is completed in this way, the next segment material (18) is joined to the rear end surface of the segment material (18) and the joint metal fittings (36) (36) are connected by bolts. After connecting both segment materials (18) and (18) integrally with each other, the rear end of the segment material (18) is again pressed by the jack (19) in the same manner as above, and the segment material (18) follows the pilot pipe row. It is embedded in the trail of advance of the excavator (17).

When a plurality of segment materials (18) (two in the embodiment) are press-fitted into the advance mark portion having the same length as the pilot pipe (4), the pilot pipe (on the front end side) on the reaching shaft (3) side ( 4) protrudes and comes out of the buried portion, so the feed pipes (12) (13) and the pilot pipe (4) of a certain length arranged in the pilot pipe (4) were removed. After that, the next transmission in the pilot pipe (4),
The drainage pipes (12) (13) are connected to the muddy water circulation pipe side, the segment material (18) is press-fitted again, and by repeating this operation, the segment material (18) rows and one set of segment material (18) are connected in series. Compatible with parallel pilot pipes (2) (3)
Replace over the entire length between.

Similarly, the next set of parallel pilot pipe rows is replaced with the segment material (18) rows that are press-fitted while being connected in series.

At this time, when the next segment material (18) is press-fitted along the segment material row that has already been replaced with the pilot pipe row, the engaging protrusions (34) (34) and the groove ( 35) and (35) are fitted together and the segment material (18) is accurately press-fitted along the already embedded segment material row.

In addition, these engaging protrusions (34) (34) and the groove (35)
(35) does not have to have two articles, but may have one article.

Further, when the insulating plate (16) is mounted on the pilot pipes (4) press-fitted on the upper peripheral side of the planned underground space (1), as described above, they are connected in series. While fixing the rear end of the insulating plate (16) to the reaction force wall surface of the starting shaft (2) with a turnbuckle (38), etc., the reaching shaft (3)
After the tip end on the side is separated from the pilot pipe (4), the segment member (18) is pushed against the rear end of the pilot pipe row as described above and pushed forward, and then the insulating plate fixed by the turnbuckle (38). Pilot pipe (4) and segment material (18) slidingly contacting the lower surface of (16)
Is promoted smoothly, and the earth and sand on the surface layer are
It can be prevented from collapsing or moving by being supported by 6).

In this way, all pilot pipes (4) and segment materials (1) buried in the outer periphery of the cross-sectional shape of the planned underground space (1)
8) is replaced with the segment material row to form the lining wall (A) of the planned underground space (1), and then the lining wall (2) (3) from at least one side of the lining wall ( A)
Excavate and eliminate the ground (C) surrounded by.

As shown in FIG. 9, excavation of the ground (C) is performed using an excavating machine such as a backhoe or a dozer shovel from the upper peripheral side of the lining wall (A).

At this time, the segment material (18) on the lower peripheral portion of the lining wall (A)
(18) When the space is not closed, the open part (B) is excavated in the length direction of the lining wall (A) while the open part (B) is improved by using cast-in-place concrete or the like. To construct a closed bottom portion (D) that connects the segment members (18) (18) and construct a temporary receiving pile (E) on the closed bottom portion (D) as necessary to construct a lining wall. The inner wall or pillar (F) constructed by excavation is supported in the upper periphery of (A).

Next, while excavating the earth and sand in the lining wall body (A) downward, as shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, an upper floor slab (G) and a lower floor slab (H) are sequentially constructed and A large-section underground space is constructed by constructing a platform (P), a subway, etc. on these upper and lower floor slabs (G) (H).

In the above examples, the pilot pipe (4) having a rectangular cross section is used, but it may be circular, and the cross sectional shape of the underground space to be constructed is not limited to a circular shape. Even if it is a rectangular shape, a spectacle shape, or another irregular cross section, it can be freely constructed.

(Effect of the invention) As described above, according to the method for constructing an underground space of the present invention, first, pilot pipes having a small cross section are press-fitted into the ground along the outer periphery of the planned underground space in parallel at predetermined intervals. Therefore, the planned underground space having a desired cross-sectional shape and a desired size, which was impossible by the shield construction method, can be freely set in advance.

When obtaining this planned underground space, first, the pilot pipes are press-fitted into the ground in a state in which they are spaced apart at a fixed interval without being arranged side by side in close contact with each other. Not only can it be constructed efficiently, but it can also be constructed with high precision while accurately controlling the press-fitting direction, and even in the shallow underground part it can be buried in the ground without collapsing the ground and existing railway or It will be possible to construct without hindering the function of above-ground facilities.

Further, between the rear ends of the adjacent pilot pipes, there are provided connection end faces connected to the rear end faces of these pilot pipes and excavation exclusion means for excavating the sediment between the pilot pipes and discharging the excavated sediment through the hollow inside of the pilot pipes. The segment material is disposed through the excavator, and the rear end surface of the segment material is pressed to excavate the sand between the pilot pipes by the excavator while pushing the pilot pipe through the excavator to advance the segment material. When the segment material is buried, the next segment material is added and sequentially press-fitted.Therefore, the pilot pipe is used as a guide to accurately and easily press the segment material row into the buried trace of the pilot pipe. It is possible to efficiently replace the pilot pipe with the segment material row. Than it is.

At that time, since the earth and sand between the adjacent pilot pipes are excavated by the excavation device and eliminated by utilizing the hollow inside of the pilot pipe, the excavation device intervenes between the pilot pipe and the segment material, The excavated earth and sand can be smoothly discharged while pressing the material and propelling the excavating device.

Thus, after the replacement of the pilot pipe and the segment material row, the ground surrounded by the lining wall body formed by the segment material row is excavated and removed, so that the temporary lining wall body having the preset cross-sectional shape is formed. It is possible to construct an underground space with a cross-sectional shape equal to, accurately and safely and economically, and even if it is a large underground space with a diameter of 20m or more, it can be constructed accurately and efficiently without lowering workability. It is a thing.

[Brief description of drawings]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 1 is a simplified vertical sectional side view showing a state in which a pilot pipe is embedded between vertical shafts, and Fig. 2 shows a plurality of pilot pipe rows buried in the ground. FIG. 3 is a simplified vertical sectional front view showing a state in which the pilot pipe is replaced with a segment material, FIG. 4 is a simplified vertical sectional side view thereof, FIG. The figure shows the vertical sectional front view, Fig. 7 the vertical sectional side view of the upper and lower cutter rolls, Fig. 8 the vertical sectional side view of the disc cutter, and Fig. 9 the simplified vertical section with the lining wall formed by the segment material. Front view, Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 are simplified vertical sectional front views showing the underground space being built, Fig. 12 is a front view of the pilot pipe, Fig. 13 is a partially cutaway side view thereof, and Fig. 14 is a segment material. Fig. 15 is a bottom view of the joint between A. (1) …… Planned underground space, (2) …… Starting shaft, (3)
…… Driving shaft, (4) …… Pilot pipe, (12)
(13) …… Sending and draining pipe, (14) …… Jack, (17)…
… Drilling equipment, (18) …… Segment material, (19) …… Jack, (20) …… Pressing end face, (21) …… Hollow protrusion,
(22) …… Segment material contact receiving surface, (23) …… Hollow frame, (24) (25) …… Upper and lower cutter rolls, (27) (2
8) …… Sending and draining pipe, (A) …… Wall for lining.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued Front Page (72) Inventor Hiroshi Wada 2-2-2 Matsuzaki-cho, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Prefecture Okumura-gumi Co., Ltd. (72) Osamu Harada 2-chome, Matsuzaki-cho, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka No. 2 Okumura Gumi Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Masahiro Kurimoto 2-2-2 Matsuzaki-cho, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture Okumura Gumi Co., Ltd. (56) Reference JP-A-63-75289 (JP, A) JP Flat 1-290893 (JP, A)

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. Pilot pipes having a small cross section are press-fitted into the ground along the outer circumference of a planned underground space at predetermined intervals in parallel with each other, and then, between the rear ends of adjacent pilot pipes, the pilot pipes are mounted on the rear end faces of these pilot pipes. A segment material is arranged through an excavation device having excavation means for excavating the earth and sand between the connecting end surface to be connected and the pilot pipe and discharging the excavation earth and sand through the hollow inside of the pilot pipe, and the rear end surface of this segment material The segment material is embedded by advancing the pilot pipe through the excavation device while excavating the earth and sand between the pilot pipes by depressing by the excavation device, and after embedding the segment material, Replacing the pilot pipe and the series of segment materials connected in series by sequentially connecting the segment materials and burying them in the same way as above The feature is that this replacement is sequentially performed on the adjacent pilot pipes to form the lining wall of the planned underground space by the segment material row, and then the ground surrounded by this lining wall is excavated and removed. How to build an underground space. 2. A front end face is formed on a connecting end face portion connecting to the rear end faces of at least two pilot pipes, and excavating means such as a roll cutter is provided between adjacent connecting end face portions. An excavation characterized in that the space for disposing the excavating means is communicated with the hollow inside of the pilot pipe to form a discharge passage for excavated earth and sand, and the rear end face is formed as an abutting and receiving portion of the segment material. apparatus.