JPH0780704B2 - Continuous production equipment for long ceramic plates - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention continuously extrudes a raw material containing clay as a main component,
A continuous long ceramic plate that can be continuously produced in a short time and at low cost by continuously performing unevenness processing, drying, constant length cutting, and baking the extrusion molding band The present invention relates to a manufacturing device.

[Conventional technology]

Generally, clay, inner and outer materials, roof tiles are extruded in a predetermined shape, immediately cut into a short length, for example, 10 to 30 cm in length, and a drying device having a structure that utilizes the waste heat of the firing furnace. A device having a structure in which the water content is reduced to 1 to 0% in about 1 to 3 days and then supplied to a trolley type firing furnace was common. Also,
In the conventional apparatus, since the concavo-convex pattern is formed on the decorative surface by extrusion molding, only the concavo-convex pattern can be formed along the extrusion direction, and the designability is inferior to that of a general outer wall material.
Further, the firing time is a badge type furnace or tunnel dryer furnace in which preheating, firing and cooling are completed in 8 to 10 hours according to the temperature curve, and the temperature control is slow in response because the furnace is large. It took a long time to get there. In addition, the production capacity of the line was the same as before even if the time was shortened by one of all the processes.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention, in order to eliminate such defects, on the decorative surface of the soft extrusion molding band after the extruder, to form an uneven pattern by pressing, then by drying, measuring the length, by firing, by configuring, The present invention proposes an apparatus for continuously producing long porcelain plates capable of continuously producing long porcelain plates having high designability in a short time without lowering quality and strength at low cost.

〔Example〕

An embodiment of a continuous production apparatus for long porcelain plates according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a typical example of the above-mentioned apparatus, and 1 is a raw material α whose main material is clay in an extrusion molding machine (hereinafter, simply referred to as clay)
For example, the extrusion molding band A having the cross-sectional shape shown in FIGS. 2 (a) to (d) is continuously extruded. For example, the extrusion speed is about 20 to 2000 mm / min although it depends on the thickness and width.
Clay α is a natural mineral and has different components depending on each production area. Therefore, the advantages and disadvantages of these components are offset and offset, and other mineral materials are added as necessary to obtain the desired mixed clay. Is. Specific examples thereof are ceramic stone, feldspar, kaolinite, halosite, metahalosite, kibushi clay, frog eye clay, Shigaraki clay, chamotte, etc. crushed and kneaded with water, or asbestos , Mineral fibers such as rock wool, carbon fibers, steel fibers, organic fibers, glass fibers, wood chips, chamotte, and aggregates such as heath. The clay α is used to remove iron with a magnet, if necessary. Although not shown in the figure, 2 is a die part, which has a shape corresponding to the extrusion molding band A,
Alternatively, a core is interposed in the mouthpiece portion 2 to extrude an extrusion molding band A having a hollow portion B. As shown in FIG. 3, a core 4 is arranged on the mouthpiece 3, and one or a plurality of gas intake / exhaust pipes 5 are attached to one end of the core 4 as shown in FIGS. As shown in d), it is connected to each lattice 4a or to the common portion 4b, and a desired gas (dry air, warm air, etc.) is supplied to the hollow portion B from the other end of this pipe 5, or the extrusion band A When the gas in the hollow portion B is discharged to the outside, the clay α in the vicinity of the hollow portion B is dried to some extent, and the shape retention, the twist prevention, and the compression resistance at the time of forming the uneven pattern in the subsequent step are excellent. Become. Reference numeral 6 denotes a drive carrier, which is composed of, for example, at least one of a fli roller 7, a drive belt conveyor 8 synchronized with the extrusion speed, or a combination of two types. In particular, the drive carrier 6 is for feeding the extrusion molding band A smoothly at the extrusion speed without being deformed in the next step, and the fli roller 7 pushes the extrusion molding band A without static friction resistance. The driving belt conveyor 8 is a little harder than when the extrusion band A is extruded at a position about 0.5 to 2 m away from the exit, and the force at the time of extrusion is extruded first. It is useful for continuously transferring the extrusion molding band A to the next step at substantially the same speed as at the time of extrusion in order to prevent the material from being compressed without being able to resist the weight of the material and contracting. Reference numeral 9 denotes a press working part, which is used to form a concavo-convex pattern on the decorative surface side of the extrusion molding band A and improve the design of the long porcelain plate, and comprises a concavo-convex patterning machine 10 and a support conveyor 11. More specifically, the unevenness processing machine 10 moves in synchronization with the moving speed of the extrusion molding band A, and the moving press 10a having an arbitrary unevenness pattern on the decorative surface of the extrusion molding band A descends during the movement. The uneven pattern C as shown in FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (f) is formed. In addition, the uneven pattern C is a dot shape, a linear shape, a curved shape, a slanted shape, a stucco tone, a cast tone, a wood grain tone, a melon tone, or a wavy type such as a triangle, a quadrangle, a trapezoid, a semicircle, etc. It is a combination. Of course, the concavo-convex pattern C can be formed at intervals, and can also be formed at intervals. In addition, the support conveyor 11 conveys the extrusion molding band A having the concavo-convex pattern C to the next step, and the concavo-convex pattern processing machine 10 causes the extrusion molding band A to have the concavo-convex pattern C.
Is to be a support surface when forming. Of course, the support conveyor 11 has a strength capable of withstanding the pressing force of the uneven pattern processing machine 10,
A belt conveyor, a slat conveyor, a roll conveyor, a steel belt conveyor, etc. are used depending on the cross-sectional shape of the extrusion molding band A. 12 is a dryer, which is a microwave heater, an ultrasonic heater, a discharge heater, a laser heater, a far infrared heater,
Alternatively, for example, the moisture of the extrusion band A formed of one or more kinds of waste heat of the firing furnace 15 described later and having the uneven pattern C formed thereon may be used.
The content of 18 to 20% is reduced to about 0 to 2% to enhance the shape retention and to make it a calcinable material, which is used as the dry plate A ₁ . The dryer 12 is provided with an infrared heater, only microwaves, or alternately or divided into front and rear zones, and the atmosphere is heated to about 200 to 500 ° C. so that the dough does not crack or deform. It heats according to the curve. Reference numeral 13 denotes a traveling cutter, which cuts the drying plate A ₁ while traveling to a predetermined size. Of course, traveling cutter 13
Thus, the cutting dimension is that the clay α is shrunk as it is fired in a later step, so that the cutting is performed in consideration of the shrinkage ratio of the clay α. Reference numeral 14 denotes a transfer machine, which conveys the standard-size drying plate A ₂ to the next step at a speed higher than the extrusion speed in order to prevent the cut-edge surfaces of the standard-size cutting plates A ₂ from colliding with each other. Is. Numeral 15 is a firing furnace, which is composed of a roller hearth kiln and a tunnel type firing furnace.
The temperature distribution has a mountain-like shape from 15a to the outlet 15b, and the preheating region 16, the calcination region 17, and the cooling region 18 are temporarily divided in this order, and the temperature of the preheating region 16 is 150 to 400 ° C. and the calcination region 17 is 400.
~ 1300 ℃, the cooling area 18 is about 600 ~ 100 ℃. Of course, the crystal transformation point also differs depending on the type and composition of clay α, and the temperature setting between the regions also differs. The temperature and the transportation speed can be arbitrarily changed in each section. It should be noted that the temperatures between the above-mentioned regions are not clearly divided but are tentatively divided in the continuous firing. Further the baking furnace 15 will be described, the firing furnace 15 is combustible gas, for example by burning LPG gas is intended to burn the fixed size dry plate A _2, the arrangement of burners for the (not shown) in the respective areas It is provided correspondingly. Further, as the conveying means for the constant-size drying plate A ₂ in the firing furnace 15 , one type such as a mesh belt, a metal roller, a ceramic roller, an alumina roller or the like is used according to each temperature region, and particularly in the range of the firing region 17. Since the temperature rises to about 1300 ° C, for example, as shown in Fig. 6, an alumina roller 21 is placed between the metal main shafts 19 and 20 driven by a chain or the like (not shown) to prevent heat conduction from being transmitted to the drive source. It is carried in this way.
Incidentally, the firing region 17 of the firing furnace 15 forms a furnace with refractory bricks or the like, and is to linearly and continuously pass through it.
An exhaust damper (not shown) is arranged between each device and area. Further, reference numeral 22 denotes a carrier, which is for carrying the long porcelain plate A ₃ continuously sent from the firing furnace 15 to a packing section or the like in the next step, not shown.

Next, the operation will be described.

First, a clay α consisting of Shigaraki clay, chamotte, a water reducing agent and water is prepared as a raw material. The weight% is, for example, 61.5% Shigaraki clay, 18% chamotte, 0.5% water reducing agent (trade name: Cell Flow, manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.), and 20% water is a clay kneader (MP-100 type manufactured by Miyazaki Tekko Co., Ltd.). ) Is mixed. Further, as the extrusion molding machine 1 , for example, an extrusion capacity of 100 to 15
Using the model name MV-FM-A-1 (manufactured by Miyazaki Iron Works) of 0 l / hr,
The clay α is extruded in the shape shown in FIG. 2 (a), and the drive rollers 6 and 7 are arranged in this order as the drive carrier 6 . In the press working section 9 , a press die 10a for forming a stucco-like uneven pattern C shown in FIG. 5 (d) is used, a belt conveyor is used as the support conveyor 11, and the surface pressed by the press die 10a is reinforced by fli rollers. The structure. The frequency of the dryer 12 is
The microwave heater was 2450MHZ, output 5KW, and length 3m. In the dryer 12 , 18% (wt%) of moisture in the extrusion molding zone A is evaporated to 7% (wt%), and the remaining moisture is 0-1% (wt%) in the preheating region 16 of the firing furnace 15. It was set to evaporate up to. Furthermore extrusion rate of the extruder 1 is 1
It is 100 to 1000 mm / min, and here, 400 mm / min. Further, as the traveling cutter 13, in synchronization with the extrusion speed, the drying plate A ₁ is cut to a fixed length by a rotating wave or the like without stopping the line, and this is fed to the firing furnace 15 via the transfer device 14. Yes, the transfer device 14 is a standard-size drying plate cut to a standard size by the traveling cutter 13.
The speed at which A ₂ can be separated from the traveling cutter 13 is set to a speed slightly higher than the so-called extrusion speed so that the wood openings of the standard-size drying plates A ₂ do not collide with each other. Also, firing furnace
In the preheating zone 16, the temperature rises from 150 to 800 ° C. in the range of 10 m and the firing zone 17 rises from 800 to 1300 ° C. in the range of 5 m.
In the cooling region 18, the temperature is reduced to about 1300 to 300 ° C. in the order of 10 m. The conveying speed can be variously set, but is, for example, about 300 to 30 mm / min. Therefore, it is assumed that the clay α supplied to the extruder 1 is delivered from its outlet in a continuous body having a cross section shown in FIG. Then, the extrusion molding band A sent out is fed to the press working unit 9 via the drive carrier 6 , and in the press working unit 9 , the extrusion molding band A is synchronized with the support conveyor 11 while moving on the support conveyor 11. A stucco-like uneven pattern C is formed on the decorative surface of the extrusion molding band A by the uneven pattern processing machine 10 which is moved and pressed, and thereafter, moisture is removed by a dryer 12 including a microwave heater.
% (Wt%) is reduced to an average in 10 minutes to obtain a dry plate A ₁ . Next, the drying plate A ₁ is, for example, 600 to 400 by the traveling cutter 13.
Cut it to about 0 mm and use it as a standard length dry plate A ₂ . This standard drying plate A
₂ is preheated / fired in the firing furnace 15 , cooled, continuously sent out from the outlet 15b as a long porcelain plate A ₃ at, for example, 300 mm / min, and then transferred to the packing section or the like by the transferer 22.

[Other Examples]

The above description is only one example of the continuous production apparatus for a long porcelain plate according to the present invention, and it is also possible to form a glaze machine 23 as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. Further, it is possible to increase the production capacity by forming the transfer machine 14 and subsequent rows in a plurality of rows. Further, the extrusion molding band A is shown in FIG.
The cross section may have the shape shown in (o).

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the continuous production apparatus for a long porcelain plate according to the present invention, since the uneven pattern is formed by pressing after the extrusion, the uneven pattern is not limited, and the decorative surface has an arbitrary uneven pattern. It is possible to improve the design. Since pressing is performed before drying, it is easy to form an uneven pattern. After the traveling cutter, the transfer machine delivers the standard-sized drying plates at a speed slightly higher than the extrusion speed, so that the wood openings of the standard-sized drying plates do not collide with each other. Since the standard length cutting is done after drying, the cut end will not be deformed and will be a beautiful wood end. Unlike conventional kilns, the firing furnace allows the temperature and transport speed to be changed arbitrarily and in a short time, so the firing time is 1/8 to 1/1
It can be shortened to 0, and the total production process is about 1/50 of the previous one.
Can be shortened to ~ 1/400. There are features such as.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an embodiment of an apparatus for continuously producing a long porcelain plate according to the present invention, FIGS. 2 (a) to 2 (d) are explanatory views showing a cross section of an extrusion molding band, and FIG. 3 is a die. FIG. 4 (a) to FIG. 4 (d) are explanatory views showing an example of a core,
5 (a) to 5 (f) are plan views showing an example of a concavo-convex pattern, FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing an example of the configuration of rollers in the firing furnace, and FIGS. 7 (a) to 7 (o) are extrusions. It is sectional drawing which shows the other example of a shaping | molding strip. 1 …… Extrusion molding machine, 9 …… Press processing section, 12 …… Dryer,
13: traveling cutter, 14: transfer machine, 15: firing furnace.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI Technical indication C04B 33/30 L 33/32 L

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An extrusion molding machine for continuously extruding a raw material containing clay as a main material, a driving transport machine for transporting an extrusion molding band delivered from the extrusion molding machine in that state, and a driving machine. A press working part for forming a concavo-convex pattern on the decorative surface side of the extrusion molding band delivered from the carrier, and 0 to 2% of water content while the extrusion molding band processed by the pressing process part is being transported.
A drying machine, a running cutter that cuts the dried plate dried by the dryer to a fixed length, and a fixed-length dried plate cut to a fixed size by the cutter at a speed faster than that of the drive carrier. A transfer device for transferring to a furnace, a baking furnace for continuously preheating, baking, and gradually cooling a fixed-size drying plate sent from the transfer device, and sending a long porcelain plate to the next step from the outlet of the baking furnace An apparatus for continuous production of long porcelain plates characterized by arranging a carrier.