JPH0780703B2 - Continuous production equipment for long ceramic plates - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention continuously extrudes a raw material containing clay as a main component,
Continuously cutting the extruded strip with constant length cutting, concavo-convex processing, drying, and firing to continuously produce long porcelain plates with high designability in a short time at low cost. The present invention relates to a manufacturing device.

[Conventional technology]

Generally, clay, inner and outer materials, roof tiles are extruded in a predetermined shape, immediately cut into a short length, for example, 10 to 30 cm in length, and a drying device having a structure that utilizes the waste heat of the firing furnace. A device having a structure in which the water content is reduced to 1 to 0% in about 1 to 3 days and then supplied to a trolley type firing furnace was common. Also,
In the conventional apparatus, since the concavo-convex pattern is formed on the decorative surface by extrusion molding, only the concavo-convex pattern can be formed along the extrusion direction, and the designability is inferior to that of a general outer wall material.
Further, the firing time is a badge type furnace or tunnel dryer furnace in which preheating, firing and cooling are completed in 8 to 10 hours according to the temperature curve, and the temperature control is slow in response because the furnace is large. It took a long time to get there. In addition, the production capacity of the line was the same as before even if the time was shortened by one of all the processes.

[Means for solving problems]

In order to eliminate such defects, the present invention cuts a soft extrusion band to a predetermined length after an extrusion molding machine, and then forms an uneven pattern to be pressed, followed by drying and firing, whereby the designability is improved. It is an object of the present invention to propose a continuous production apparatus for a long porcelain plate capable of continuously producing a high length porcelain plate in a short time and at a low cost without deteriorating quality and strength.

〔Example〕

An embodiment of a continuous production apparatus for a long porcelain plate according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a typical example of the above-mentioned apparatus. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a raw material α (hereinafter, simply referred to as clay) whose main component is clay in an extruder, for example, FIGS. The extrusion molding strip A having the cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. 4) is continuously extruded. For example, the extrusion speed is about 20 to 2000 mm / min, although it depends on the thickness and width. In addition, since clay α is a natural mineral, and the composition differs depending on each production area, the advantages and disadvantages of these compositions are offset and offset,
Moreover, other mineral materials are added as necessary to obtain a predetermined mixed clay. As a concrete example, ceramic stone,
Feldspar, kaolinite, halosite, metahalosite,
Kibushi clay, frog clay, Shigaraki clay, chamotte, etc. are crushed and mixed with water, or mineral fibers such as asbestos and rock wool, carbon fiber, steel fiber, organic fiber, glass fiber, wood chips Aggregates such as chamotte and heath are mixed. The clay α is used to remove iron with a magnet, if necessary. Although not shown in the drawing, a die portion 2 has a shape corresponding to the extrusion molding strip A, or is an extrusion molding strip A having a hollow portion B which is formed by interposing a core in the die extrusion portion 2 . As shown in FIG. 3, a core 4 is arranged on the base 3, and one or a plurality of gas intake / exhaust pipes 5 are connected to the core 4 at the fourth end.
As shown in FIGS. (A) to (d), it is connected to each lattice 4a or to the common portion 4b, and a required gas (dry air, warm air, etc.) is supplied to the hollow portion B from the other end of this pipe 5. Alternatively, when the gas in the hollow portion B of the extrusion molding zone A is discharged to the outside, the clay α in the vicinity of the hollow portion B is dried to some extent, and the shape retention, the twist prevention, and the compression resistance at the time of forming the uneven pattern in the subsequent process are formed. It is excellent in sex. Reference numeral 6 denotes a drive carrier, which is composed of, for example, at least one of a fli roller 7, a drive belt conveyor 8 synchronized with the extrusion speed, or a combination of two types. In particular, the drive carrier 6 is for feeding the extrusion molding band A smoothly at the extrusion speed without being deformed in the next step, and the fli roller 7 pushes the extrusion molding band A without static friction resistance. The driving belt conveyor 8 is a little harder than when the extrusion band A is extruded at a position about 0.5 to 2 m away from the exit, and the force at the time of extrusion is extruded first. It is useful for continuously transferring the extrusion molding band A to the next step at substantially the same speed as at the time of extrusion in order to prevent the material from being compressed without being able to resist the weight of the material and contracting. Reference numeral 9 denotes a traveling cutter, which cuts the extrusion molding band A while traveling to a predetermined size. As a matter of course, the cutting dimension by the traveling cutter 9 is such that the shrinkage rate of the clay α is taken into consideration because the clay α shrinks as the clay α is baked and tightened by the subsequent drying and firing.
Reference numeral 10 denotes a transfer machine, which conveys the long plate A ₁ to the next step at a speed higher than the extrusion speed in order to prevent the wood cut surfaces of the long plates A ₁ cut into regular lengths from colliding with each other. . Reference numeral 11 denotes a press working part, which is used to form a concavo-convex pattern on the decorative surface side of the long plate A ₁ that has been cut to a fixed length, and to improve the design of the long ceramic plate. It consists of a support conveyor 13. More specifically, the uneven pattern processing machine 12 moves in synchronization with the moving speed of the long plate A ₁ , and the moving press 12a having an arbitrary uneven pattern on the decorative surface of the long plate A ₁ descends during movement. As a result, the uneven pattern C as shown in FIGS.
Is formed. The uneven pattern C is a dot shape, a linear shape, a curved shape, a slanted shape, a stucco tone, a cast tone, a wood grain tone, a melon tone, or a cross section of a triangle, a quadrangle, a trapezoid,
It is composed of a kind of wavy shape such as a semicircle, or a combination thereof. The support conveyor 13 serves to convey the long plate A ₁ having the uneven pattern C to the next step, and also serves as a support surface when the uneven pattern C is formed on the long plate A ₁ by the uneven pattern processing machine 12. Is. Of course, the support conveyor 13 is one that is strong enough to withstand the pressing force of the uneven pattern processing machine 12 and is driven. Depending on the sectional shape of the extrusion molding band A, a belt conveyor, a slat conveyor, a roll conveyor, a steel belt conveyor, etc. Is used. In addition, the uneven pattern processing unit 12 is fixed, the support conveyor 13 is stopped when the long plate A ₁ is inserted into the press processing unit 11 , and the press die 12a is lowered at the time of stop to form the uneven pattern C,
The uneven pattern C can be formed on the long plate A ₁ by the process of re-driving the support conveyor 13 after the uneven pattern C is formed. Reference numeral 14 denotes a drier, which comprises one or more of a microwave heater, an ultrasonic heater, an electric discharge heater, a laser heater, a far infrared heater, or waste heat of a baking furnace 15 described later, and forms an uneven pattern C. The long plate A _{1 having} a water content of 18 to 20% is reduced to about 0 to 2% to enhance the shape retention and to be made into a form that can be baked to form the long plate A _2. Is. In addition, the dryer 14 is provided with an infrared heater, only microwaves, or alternately or divided into front and rear zones, and the atmosphere is heated at about 200 to 500 ° C. so that the dough does not crack or deform. It heats according to the curve. Numeral 15 is a firing furnace, which is composed of a roller hearth kiln and a tunnel type firing furnace.
The temperature distribution has a mountain-like shape from 15a to the outlet 15b, and the preheating region 16, the calcination region 17, and the cooling region 18 are temporarily divided in this order, and the temperature of the preheating region 16 is 150 to 400 ° C. and the calcination region 17 is 400.
~ 1300 ℃, the cooling area 18 is about 600 ~ 100 ℃. Of course, the crystal transformation point also differs depending on the type and composition of clay α, and the temperature setting between the regions also differs. The temperature and the transportation speed can be arbitrarily changed in each section. It should be noted that the temperatures between the above-mentioned regions are not clearly divided but are tentatively divided in the continuous firing. Further the baking furnace 15 will be described, the firing furnace 15 is combustible gas, for example, those by burning LPG gas firing the long drying plates A _2, the arrangement of burners for the (not shown) in the respective areas It is provided correspondingly. Further, as the conveying means for the long drying plate A ₂ in the baking furnace 15 , one kind of mesh belt, metal roller, ceramic roller, alumina roller, etc. is used according to each temperature range, but especially in the range of the baking range 17. Since the temperature rises to about 1300 ° C, for example, as shown in Fig. 6, an alumina roller 21 is placed between the metal main shafts 19 and 20 driven by a chain or the like (not shown) to prevent heat conduction from being transmitted to the drive source. It is carried in this way.
Incidentally, the firing region 17 of the firing furnace 15 forms a furnace with refractory bricks or the like, and is to linearly and continuously pass through it.
An exhaust damper (not shown) is arranged between each device and area. Further, reference numeral 22 denotes a carrier, which is for carrying the long porcelain plate A ₃ continuously sent from the firing furnace 15 to a packing section or the like in the next step, not shown.

Next, the operation will be described.

First, a clay α consisting of Shigaraki clay, chamotte, a water reducing agent and water is prepared as a raw material. The weight% is, for example, 61.5% Shigaraki clay, 18% chamotte, 0.5% water reducing agent (trade name: Cell Flow, manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.), and 20% water is a clay kneader (MP-100 type manufactured by Miyazaki Tekko Co., Ltd.). ) Is mixed. Further, as the extrusion molding machine 1 , for example, an extrusion capacity of 100 to 15
Using the model name MV-FM-A-1 (manufactured by Miyazaki Iron Works) of 0 l / hr,
Assuming that the clay α is extruded in the shape of FIG. 2 (a), the stamped portion 11 has a stucco-like uneven pattern C shown in FIG. 5 (d).
The press die 12a for forming the above is used, the support conveyor 13 is a belt conveyor, and the surface pressed by the press die 12a is reinforced by a fli roller. Drive carrier
As 6 , a free roller 7 and a drive belt conveyor 8 are arranged in this order. Further, the traveling cutter 9 is synchronized with the extrusion speed, cuts the extrusion molding band A to a constant length with a rotary blade or the like without stopping the line, and feeds it to the press working section 11 via the transfer machine 10. , and the at a rate transferors 10 that can disconnect the elongated plate a ₁ that disconnected Blank by the running cutter 9 from the traveling cutter 9, a somewhat faster rate than the so-called extrusion speed, long plate a ₁ together It was designed so that the mouths of the trees would not collide. Furthermore, the frequency of the dryer 14 is 2450 MHz,
It was a microwave heater with an output of 5kW and a length of 3m. In the dryer 14 , 18% (wt%) of water in the long plate A _{1 is} added to 7%.
It was set so as to evaporate to (wt%), and the remaining water was evaporated to about 0 to 1% (wt%) in the preheating region 16 of the firing furnace 15 . Further, the extrusion speed of the extruder 1 is 100 to 1000 mm / m.
in, and here, 400 mm / min. Also, the firing furnace 15
The preheating zone 16 raises the temperature from 150 to 800 ° C in about 10m, the firing zone 17 increases to 800 to 1300 ° C in 5m, and the cooling zone 18 decreases to 1300 to 300 ° C in 10m. Is. The transport speed can be set variously, for example, 30
It is about 0 to 30 mm / min. Therefore, it is assumed that the clay α supplied to the extruder 1 is delivered from its outlet in a continuous body having a cross section shown in FIG. Then, the extruded band A sent out is fed to the traveling cutter 9 via the drive carrier 6 and is, for example, 600 to 4000 mm by the traveling cutter 9.
Cut it into several pieces to make a long plate A ₁ . Long plate cut to length
A ₁ is fed to a press working section 11 by a transfer machine 10 provided after the traveling cutter 9, and in the press working section 11, the long plate A ₁ is synchronized with the support conveyor 13 while moving on the support conveyor 13. A stucco-like uneven pattern C is formed on the decorative surface of the long plate A ₁ by the uneven pattern processing machine 12 which moves and presses, and then the moisture by the dryer 14 including the microwave processing machine is 8% (% by weight). The average length is reduced to 10 minutes in 10 minutes to obtain a long dry plate A ₂ . This long drying plate A ₂ is preheated in the baking furnace 15- fired, cooled and exited.
A long ceramic plate A ₃ is continuously sent out from 15b at, for example, 300 mm / min, and then transferred to a packing unit or the like by a transfer device 22.

[Other Examples]

What has been described above is only one embodiment of the continuous production apparatus for a long porcelain plate according to the present invention, and the long porcelain plate A ₃ having a plurality of rows of the press working parts 11 and variously changing the concavo-convex pattern C on the decorative surface. Alternatively, the press working unit 11 , the dryer 14 , and the firing furnace 15 can be arranged in a plurality of rows to increase the production capacity. Further, the extrusion molding band A may have a cross section having a shape shown in FIGS. 7 (a) to (o).

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the continuous manufacturing apparatus for a long porcelain plate according to the present invention, since the uneven pattern is formed by pressing after extrusion and constant length cutting, the uneven pattern is not limited,
A decorative surface having an arbitrary uneven pattern can be provided, and the designability is significantly improved. Since pressing is performed before drying, it is easy to form an uneven pattern. The transfer machine after the traveling cutter sends out the long plates at a speed slightly higher than the extrusion speed, so that the wood openings of the long plates do not collide with each other. Unlike the conventional kiln, the firing furnace can change the temperature and transfer speed arbitrarily and in a short time, so the firing time can be shortened to 1/8 to 1/10, and the total production process is about 1 Can be shortened to / 50 to 1/400. There are features such as.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an embodiment of an apparatus for continuously producing a long porcelain plate according to the present invention, FIGS. 2 (a) to 2 (d) are explanatory views showing a cross section of an extrusion molding band, and FIG. 3 is a die. FIG. 4 (a) to FIG. 4 (d) are explanatory views showing an example of a core,
5 (a) to 5 (f) are plan views showing an example of a concavo-convex pattern, FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing an example of the configuration of rollers in the firing furnace, and FIGS. 7 (a) to 7 (o) are extrusions. It is sectional drawing which shows the other example of a shaping | molding strip. 1 …… Extrusion molding machine, 9 …… Running cutter, 10 …… Transfer machine, 1
1 …… Pressing department, 14 …… Dryer, 15 …… Baking furnace.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI Technical indication C04B 33/30 L 33/32 L

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An extrusion molding machine for continuously extruding a raw material containing clay as a main material, a driving transport machine for transporting an extrusion molding band delivered from the extrusion molding machine in that state, and a driving machine. A traveling cutter that cuts the extrusion molding band sent from the carrier to a fixed size, and a transfer device that transfers the long plate cut to a fixed size by the cutter to the press working unit at a faster speed than the drive carrier. , A press working part for forming a concavo-convex pattern on the decorative surface side of the long plate delivered from the transfer machine, and a moisture content of 0 to 0 during transportation of the long plate processed by the press working part.
A dryer for drying to 2%, and a firing furnace for continuously preheating, firing, and gradually cooling a long drying plate dried by the dryer,
A continuous production apparatus for a long porcelain plate, characterized in that a conveyor for delivering the long porcelain plate from the outlet of the firing furnace to the next step is arranged.