JPH0788748B2 - A plug and a water-stopping method for water-stopping and spring-stopping in the middle of a boring hole - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to the stoppage of lost water / spring water in the middle part of a borehole.

"Conventional technology" Drilling is carried out when exploring oil, geothermal and metal, and constructing foundation piles for civil engineering and construction.

At that time, in order to prevent collapse of the borehole wall, muddy water is filled in the hole for excavation. During the excavation, groundwater springs and muddy water leakage to cracks in the rock occur. Especially for oil, geothermal heat, etc., at least GL-500 to 5,000 m
And the excavation depth is deep, and frequently water is lost in various places during boring.
Spring water occurs. The places where such lost water and spring water occur are the tip of the boring (hole bottom) and the wall of the boring hole (middle part of the hole).

When spring water is generated, for example, when the concrete wall formed by backfilling the casing is fragile with insufficient voids around the concrete and has voids, groundwater damages the wall of the fragile part. Due to intrusion into the borehole, or breakage of the water blocking hole wall film formed by muddy water when the groundwater pressure> muddy water pressure and groundwater intrudes into the hole.

Due to these circumstances, mud water will be leaked and diluted, and the hole wall stability will be impaired.

If such lost water or spring water occurs at the bottom of the hole, it is relatively easy to support. This is because a water stop layer is automatically formed on the hole bottom simply by sending the water stop material to this part under the condition that the hole bottom is a seat. This is because it can be done. At this time, there are various means listed below as a water stopping method.

(1) A method of stopping water by adjusting the concentration of muddy water.

It is generally practiced.

This is a technique that requires experience, as it must be dealt with depending on the situation of lost water and spring water.

Further, even if the concentration is low, there is no effect, and if the concentration is too high, the weight of the mud may be applied to the pore walls, which may cause peeling of the pore wall surface.

(2) A method of injecting cement or mortar to stop water.

In this method, penetration of the waterproofing material into the cracks of the ground or rock is poor, and the method of filling the borehole like a plug is adopted.

Therefore, in this method, injection is difficult depending on the location where water leakage or spring water is generated on the hole wall, and the curing time is long, so that the solution is diluted with water and has no effect.

(3) A method of stopping water by injecting a chemical solution.

This method is a method of transporting and injecting a water-stopping chemical solution to a lost water / spring location using an injection rod, an injection hose or a capsule to stop water. Is effective.

However, when water loss or spring occurs in the middle part of the hole, there is no overhead seat, so the water stopping material to be supplied flows away downward.

Therefore, it is necessary to install a plug as a seat for lost water or spring water in the middle part of the hole. Conventionally, the device proposed in USP 2,978,029 has been adopted as the means for the plug.

This is introduced below in FIGS. 5 to 10.

5 to 17 are operation procedure diagrams of the device, and FIG.
FIG. 9 is an enlarged detailed view of an essential part of the embodiment shown in FIG.
9 is an arrow view, FIG. 10 is an enlarged detailed view of an essential part in the embodiment of FIG. 7, and the device 10 is suspended from the wire wire conductor 11 in the casing 12 in which the pipe string 13 is arranged. It's hanging.

The ring between the pipe string and the casing is sealed by a packer 14. As shown in FIG. 5, the device 10 has a packer portion 15 and a mounting tool portion 16. Packer part 15
Comprises an expandable packer sleeve 17 and an extendable slip arm 18. The installation tool part 16 comprises a hollow housing 19, which is initially a brittle disc or plate 20 positioned at its lower end.
And shear pin 25 (see Fig. 8) for a fragile plate
Holddown pins 24 spaced apart from 20
Movable plug device provided with a cup packer 22 detachably attached to a packer plug or seal 23 having
21, a cement slurry 26 disposed between the device 21 and the fragile plate 20, a piston 27 located at a distance from the device 21, and disposed between the piston 27 and the device 21. It stores the cement slurry 28 that has been crushed and the ignition filler 29 that is disposed on the piston 27. The conductor 11 facilitates ignition by extending into the ignition filler 29.

Ignition filler 29 is ignited to inflate the packer sleeve 17 and set the slip arm 18, generating gas 30, as more clearly illustrated in FIG. 6, which causes the piston 27 to expand during expansion. Move to the bottom. This movement of the piston 27 pushes the cement slurry 28, the device 21 and the cement slurry 26 downwards causing the rupture of the fragile plate 20 and the movement of the cement slurry 26 into the packer sleeve 17.

This action is clearly illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 10, and will be described below.

An inflatable sleeve 17 is fixed to the packer mandrel 31 by a plurality of collars 32 (of which only the upper collar is shown in FIG. 8).

The mandrel 31 comprises a hole 33 and a port 34, the latter being surrounded by a slip arm 17. The upper end of the mandrel 31 is detachably connected to the lower end of the housing 19 by a shear pin 35 (see FIG. 9). The hole 33 is in fluid communication with the inner lower end of the housing 19 and is provided with an O-ring seal 36 to seal the connection between the housing 19 and the mandrel 31.

Slip arm 18 swings at 37 Mandrel 31
And is located in a slot formed in the mandrel 31 when retracted. Leaf spring 45 on mandrel 31
Is fixed and serves to tilt the lower free surface of the slip arm 18 which is serrated for external engagement with the casing wall. The upper end of the slip arm 18 bears against the outer surface of the lower end of the housing 19. A shoulder 40 is formed on the inner surface of the mandrel 31 along the passage of the hole 33 to provide a seat for the device 21.

Similarly, a latch surface 41 is provided along the hole 33,
As shown in FIG. 10, when the device 21 is seated on the shoulder 40, it is adapted to engage the poled damn pin 24. In the figure, the shear pin 35 has finished shearing. The cement slurry 26 expands the packer sleeve 17 and
45 is biased outward of the serrated end of the slip arm 18. Also, cement slurry 28 is an expanded packer
It is located on the plug formed by 17.

The operation will be described first with reference to FIG. The tool 10 descends through the pipe string 13 to the desired depth outside the lower end of the tool (the tool may instead run in an unrestricted casing) onto the wire wire 11 (or pipe depending on the operation). Can run on strings). The loaded pyrotechnic 29 is then ignited in the same manner as in a conventional punch. If the tool runs on a pipe string, a percussion style pyrotechnic actuated by a fallen "go devil" can be used. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the expansion gas 30 produced by the ignition of the pyrotechnic material moves the piston 27 downward to move the cement slurry 28, the device 21, and the cement slurry.
Displace 26 downwards, but its movement causes the fragile plate or disk 20 to burst. The device 21 is arranged in the cement slurry 26 such that the amount of cement slurry 26 is proportional to the size of the packer 17 (the size of the packer itself being chosen according to the dimensions of the casing to be plugged). Sufficient cement to expand the packer 17 is used to form a close contact with the wall of the casing 12 without rupturing the packer 17. A hole 33 is provided through the lower end of the housing 19 as shown more clearly in FIG.
The cement slurry 26 is pushed into the packer sleeve 17 through the perforations 34. Cup packer 22 shoulder 39
, The sufficient amount of cement slurry 26 fills the packer sleeve 17 and plugs into the casing. When the gas 30 expands further, the pin 25 shears and the packer plug 23
Move it into its conformation on 40 and seal the hole 33 as shown in FIG. Hold down pin 24 latches 41 in this position
And the latch locks the packer seal 23 in the passage or hole 33. Scale 23 sleeve cement
Hold inside 17 to ensure that the packer sleeve remains inflated. When the gas expands continuously,
The internal pressure is increased to cause shearing of the shear pin 35, and as a result, the packer portion 15 and the mounting tool portion 16 are separated.

When the lower part of the housing 19 is removed, the spring 45
Causes the slip arm 18 to move outwardly to engage the casing wall. The rest of the cement moves to form columns that rest on the packer plugs filled with cement.

"Problems to be solved by the invention" However, the above-mentioned column has slip arms 18 and mandrels 3
Metal members such as 1 are buried, and there is a danger that the drilling blade will be damaged during re-digging (reaming) that is performed after the above-mentioned water stoppage that is performed following the installation of the plug. If this happens, there is a difficulty in construction and the construction time (set) will take a lot of time. Also, the equipment is large, and it will weigh about 500 kg as a set, and it will be expensive (the upper half of the equipment). Part) and there are many problems in terms of workability and price.

"Means for Solving Problems", "Action" The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its gist is to provide an internal pressure of an elastic rubber or a synthetic material of elastic rubber and leather or a fiber material. In response to heat, water, or a reaction that occurs over time in an inflatable bag, the agent itself expands or generates gas, and cement is used to adjust and reinforce the specific gravity.
Sand and fiber materials are mixed and enclosed, the bag is lowered to a predetermined depth via a wire, and there is no risk of damaging the drilling blade during reaming due to plug formation due to the expansion action in the above reaction, It is easy and quick to set, is lightweight and low-priced, and provides a stopper that does not require any recovery work.

[Example] Hereinafter, this will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

1 (a) and 1 (b) are a bird's-eye view of the stopper according to the present invention, and FIGS.

In FIG. 1a, reference numeral 50 denotes a bag body made of elastic rubber or a synthetic material of elastic rubber and leather, which is inflatable under internal pressure.
In this, heat or water or a reaction occurs with the passage of time, and the product itself expands or generates gas.For example, a chemical agent 51 such as carbon dioxide gas or synthetic resin is mixed with cement, sand, or a fibrous material 52 as a specific gravity adjustment and reinforcement. Will be enclosed.

Thus, the expansion plug is configured for the boring hole, and its length is set so that a desired frictional action with the wall surface of the boring hole can be expected, and the diameter of the plug also depends on the diameter of the hole. Is set. Figure 1a,
b has different lengths and diameters.

The upper bag 50 is lowered to a predetermined depth while being suspended by the wire 53, and is left in the hole by tearing off the wire 53 after expansion plugging, and the wire 53 is easily cut. Use the obtained copper wire.

2 to 4 show a water stopping process using the above-mentioned plug 54, and in FIG. 2, the plug 54 is moved down to the lower part of the water leakage / spring point 55 through the wire 56 (a). After forming an expansion plug by the reaction, the wire 56 is torn off (b).

Cement or chemical solution 57 for forming a solidified layer is supplied onto the stopper via a capsule 58 or a hose 59, and water is injected 63 for pressurization (Cha, Cb).

Due to the formation of the solidified layer in the hole, the gap between the lost water / spring water points 55 is closed, and re-excavation (reaming) is performed by the excavator 60, and the solidified layer and the plug 54 are cut. It is removed and opened (d). For the inner plugs of the above-mentioned holes,
The air pressure increases in proportion to the depth of the spring water, and the injection pressure for stopping the lost water / spring water must be raised at a pressure corresponding to it, so a fixed strength that can sufficiently counter those pressures is required. The plug 54 of the present invention is suitable because it expands in response to such a situation.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show a construction method in which the plug effect of the plug 54 is further complemented to further strengthen the fixing.

That is, in FIG. 3, the plug 54 is suspended by the wire 56 via the waterproof chemical liquid capsule 61 and lowered (a).

After the expansion reaction of the plug 54, the drug solution is released from the capsule 61.

The released drug solution permeates around the plug 54 and solidifies, thereby forming the plug 54 into an extremely strong sealed body (b).

One of the chemicals that can be adopted as a chemical having a superior effect is an isocyanate chemical. This is a one-liquid chemical liquid containing a water-insoluble hydrophobic polyisocyanate compound as a main component and reacting with water in the ground to form a water-insoluble polyurea gel.

That is, it reacts with water and gels, but it is not diluted with water and is not washed away, and the entire amount of the injected chemical liquid is surely gelled, and it does not dissolve in groundwater or wells and contaminate mud water. It has the characteristic that

The reaction of the chemical solution and the gel time can be controlled by the amount of the catalyst. However, this only controls the time when the reaction starts after contact with water, and no reaction occurs until contact with water.

Another characteristic of the drug solution is that it does not gel immediately when the reaction starts after contact with water, but it first generates carbon dioxide gas and becomes a bubble-mixed liquid, then gradually gels. is there.

That is, when a predetermined time elapses after contact with water, a reaction starts and carbon dioxide gas is generated, and the pressure causes the chemical solution to penetrate into minute cracks in the ground. Since the reaction proceeds from the leading portion of the chemical solution, it gels from the leading portion and seals the cracks. After that, the subsequent chemical solution fills the cracks one after another and surely seals the voids in the necessary range.

When the pressure in the periphery becomes higher, the generation of carbon dioxide is suppressed and the bubbles become finer, so that the apparent volume of the gel material becomes smaller, but instead, the gel material becomes dense and the strength increases.

The wire 56 is torn off, the capsule 61 is collected, and water is injected 63 for pressurization (C).

Cement or chemical solution 57 for forming a solidified layer is supplied onto the stopper through a capsule 58 or the like and is injected for pressurization (d).

Re-excavation (reaming) is performed by the excavator 60 when the gap between the lost water / spring water spots 55 is closed due to the formation of the solidified layer in the hole, and the solidified layer and the plug 54 are cut and removed to open the hole. Be done (e).

In FIG. 4, the plug 54 is suspended by the wire 56 from the rod 62 and lowered (a).

After expanding the plug 54, the rod 62 is pulled up at a predetermined interval while injecting cement, and at this time, the wire 56 is torn off (b).

The chemical liquid for forming a solidified layer is discharged through the rod 62, and water is injected 63 for pressurization (C).

After the injection, pull up the rod 62 (d).

Re-excavation (reaming) is performed by the excavator 60 when the gap between the lost water / spring water spots 55 is closed due to the formation of the solidified layer in the hole, and the solidified layer and the plug 54 are cut and removed to open the hole. Be done (e).

Then, even in a boring hole where there is a bent part in the middle at a depth where the casing 12 is not installed, when it descends, the plug of the present invention which has a reduced diameter will lock it halfway. Without reaching the desired depth,
A hole stopper with high fixing strength can be installed.

"Effects of the Invention" The present invention configured as described above has the following effects.

(1) It is inexpensive. (Although it is disposable, it is so cheap that it is incomparable compared to the loss of conventional products).

(2) Easy to use, no special equipment required. Since the conventional product is expanded by pressure, a device is necessary and large-scale.

(3) Construction is easy and construction time is short.

(4) Post-injection (cement or chemical solution) can be continued without waiting, and reaming in the hole after solidification can be done without waiting as well. Time (2 to 3 hours)).

(5) Easy to transport because no equipment is required. Especially oil,
Geothermal wells are suitable because they are the sea or mountains that hinder transportation.

[Brief description of drawings]

1A and 1B are a bird's-eye view of the stopper body of the present invention, FIGS. 2 to 4 are water-stopping process step diagrams of the present invention, and FIGS. FIG. 7 is an enlarged detailed view of an essential part of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 9 is a view taken in the direction of arrows 9-9 in FIG. 8, and FIG.
It is an enlarged detailed view of a main part in the mode of the drawing. 50 …… Bag, 51 …… Medicine, 52 …… Cement, sand, fiber material, 53 …… Wire, 54 …… Plug, 55 …… Lost water / spring, 56 …… Wire, 57 …… Cement Or drug solution, 58 ...
… Capsule, 59… Hose, 60… Excavator, 61… Water-stopping chemical capsule, 62… Rod, 63… Water injection.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Toshiyuki Oshita 3-8 No. 3-8, Mitsudori, Mihara-cho, Minamikawachi-gun, Osaka Prefecture Takenaka Corporation Technical Research Institute Osaka Branch (72) Inventor Katsuyasu Kitano Minamikawachi, Osaka Prefecture Mihara-cho, Gunma 3-chome 3-8 Takenaka Corporation Technical Research Institute Osaka Branch (72) Inventor Seizo Kamada 1-1-105 Takamidai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A drug capable of inflating or generating a gas by causing heat or water or a reaction with time in an inflatable bag which receives internal pressure of elastic rubber or elastic rubber and synthetic material such as leather or fiber material. Cement for specific gravity adjustment and reinforcement,
Sand and fiber materials are mixed and enclosed, the bag is lowered to a predetermined depth through a wire, and it acts as a plug due to the expansion action in the above reaction. Lost water in the middle part of the boring hole. -A plug for spring water stoppage construction. 2. A chemical agent that expands or generates gas by causing heat or water or a reaction with time in an inflatable bag which receives internal pressure of elastic rubber or elastic rubber and synthetic material such as leather or fiber material. Cement for specific gravity adjustment and reinforcement,
After enclosing the bag in which sand and fiber material are mixed and enclosing it, the wire is lowered to the lower part of the lost water / spring water site through a wire to cause the expansion reaction to form a plug in the hole, and then the plug is reinforced and plugged. Boring characterized in that cement or a chemical solution is supplied to form a solidified layer on the top to form a solidified layer in the pores to close the gap between the lost water and the spring, and then perform reaming. A method of stopping water leakage and spring water in the middle of the hole.