JPH0799981B2 - Low tannin implant material and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a plant-implanting material having good drainage, low tannin content, high iron content and many other advantages.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, plants such as orchids, chrysanthemums, carnations, cyclamen and eustoma flowers, foliage plants, celery, melons, high-quality vegetables such as strawberries, plants used for cultivation of fruits, etc. Pumice stone, hydroculture, peat moss, and Kanuma soil were used, but in the case of cultivating orchids, not only is there a limit to the amount of water produced due to raw material resources such as drainage and peat moss, and it decays in two years. It was complicated to replant every year. Pumice stone and Kanuma soil are not preferable in terms of plant growth, especially root growth, and there is a drawback that hydroculture easily decomposes.

Tannin also causes plant roots to atrophy,
It has a sufficient growth inhibitory action and is not preferable to be contained in a large amount in the culture soil. However, it is abundantly contained in the wood of plants and naturally contained in a considerable amount in the flesh of palms. Therefore, if this is used as it is as a culture soil of a plant, the plant is not sufficiently developed under the influence of tannin. Even if water immersion was repeated to remove tannin in advance, it was leached out little by little over a long period of time, and sufficient tannin could not be removed.

The present inventor has proposed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-52848 a plant-implanting material having excellent effects both as a potting soil and a soil improving material. This is an implant material obtained by pressing the pulp of the palm in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the fiber bundle, and then cutting it.As a result of the pressing, the release of tannin becomes easy when immersed in water,
The tannins were successfully reduced to such an extent that the growth of plants was not adversely affected by repeating 2-3 times of water immersion. Further, this implant material has spongy elasticity and introduces a large amount of air, which is a preferable implant material.

[0005]

However, when the implant material according to the above technique is used for pots, it is necessary to repeat the operation of immersing it in water and releasing tannin before using it. Since the implant material according to the above technique has been previously squeezed, the tannins are very easy to separate, so that two or three times water immersion can eliminate the tannins to the extent that problems do not occur.

On the other hand, work efficiency has also been pursued in the field of plant cultivation, and the work of removing tannin before use is complicated, and there is a problem in work efficiency. Further, iron is a trace component essential for the growth of plants, and if it is sufficiently supplied, more favorable growth results can be obtained. So, in advance,
Low tannin content and high iron content,
There has been a demand for a plant implant material having the advantages of the technique disclosed in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 63-52848.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its constitution is to press fibers, powder and pulp derived from the flesh of coconut fruits, in a direction substantially perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the fibers, A plant implantation material containing a cut block, which has a tannin content of 2% by weight or less in a sample left for 3 days at 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50%, and has an iron content converted to Fe ₂ O _3. It is characterized by 0.15% by weight or more, and the flesh of palms pressed in a direction almost perpendicular to the direction of the fiber bundle is left to swell together with the iron lump in water and then taken out to squeeze water. 1 or 2 steps
Repeat at least twice, dry, and after drying, about 1/2 of its thickness
It is characterized by squeezing to 1/4 and then cutting and / or crushing.

The implant material of the present invention is a flesh part of a palm fruit,
In other words, it is a residual part obtained by removing seeds and seed shells from palm fruits and also includes pericarp. The pericarp is thin and does not need to be removed. The implant material of the present invention is a dried product of a porous pulp part which is repeatedly immersed in water, dehydrated and dried, and when immersed in water, it swells and its volume expands 1.5 to 2 times.

Although the implant material of the present invention is apparently dry, it contains some water as a characteristic of organic substances,
In addition, its content changes depending on the ambient humidity and temperature.
Therefore, in order to express the contents of tannin and iron, a standard sample is a sample left for 3 days under the conditions of 20 ° C. and 50% relative humidity.

The tannin content of the implant material is less than 2% by weight, preferably less than 1% by weight and more preferably less than 0.6% by weight, based on the reference sample. When the tannin content exceeds 2% by weight, when it is used as a potting material, it is punched out in advance or used as it is. When used as it is, it is necessary to be prepared for a decrease in growth due to the presence of tannin. However, when mixed and used in soil, there is no harm in using it as it is. Further, when the tannin content is less than 0.6% by weight, not only does the harmful effect of tannin not appear even if it is used even in a potted plant, but it is further soaked in water to remove the tannin,
Almost no tannin elutes in water anymore.

In the present invention, not only the tannin content is extremely small, but also the iron content is large, and the appearance is slightly blackish brown due to the large amount of iron. The content of iron in the flesh of a normal coconut is a trace, but in the present invention, Fe ₂ O is used.
Converted to ₃ , 0.15% by weight or more, preferably 0.2% by weight
The above is more preferably 0.25% by weight or more.

Iron is a trace component essential for plant development, is involved in the synthesis of chlorophyll, and causes yellowing of leaves when insufficient. In the present invention, the iron is combined with the tissue of the flesh of the palm, and is in a state of being easily absorbed by a small amount, and moreover, it has a buffering property by combining with the flesh of the palm, and has an action of supplying iron to the plant without excess or deficiency. Have.

In the production of such a plant implant material, the pulp of a palm-shaped palm-shaped coconut, which is divided into 4 to 5 parts in the fiber direction, is added to about 1/2 to 1/10 the thickness of the pulp. Press in a direction almost perpendicular to the arrangement direction. This pressing direction does not have to be exactly vertical, and it suffices if the fibers are not simply broken and the distance between the fibers is extremely shortened. As a result, it is presumed that the tissue between the fibers is destroyed and the tannin is easily eluted.

The compressed pulp is left in water for at least one night together with an iron lump. As the iron ingot, a normal steel plate may be used, an iron container may be used, or scrap iron may be charged. In any case, a rust-prone iron material that is not subjected to rust-prevention treatment is preferable. Therefore, an iron container can be used, but the container itself elutes iron and is consumed, which is not preferable in terms of durability of the container. The object of the present invention can be achieved by using an iron container whose outer periphery is coated with a non-corrosive material. Further, the immersed water has a blackish brown color.

As a result of being left in water overnight, the flesh swells and is restored to almost the original thickness, so this is squeezed to a thickness of about 2/3 by a squeezing machine. At this time, the fibers are squeezed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the fiber arrangement direction so as not to damage the fibers. Although the effect of the present invention can be obtained even if this operation is performed once, preferably, the operation is repeated by immersing the iron ingot again in water for one night or more, and repeating this operation 3 to 4 times. Each time this operation is repeated, the degree of coloring of the immersed water decreases and the elution amount of tannin decreases.

After the elution of tannin is completed, the pulp is thoroughly dried. Since the pulp after drying is bulky, it is squeezed to 1/2 to 1/4 of its thickness. 5 mm after squeezing
Cut into blocks of size 50 mm, preferably 10-20 mm. Upon cutting, in addition to blocks of the desired size, some powder and fibers are also produced. Especially, the peripheral speed is 800 ~
When cutting at a high speed using a rotary blade of 50 m / min, preferably 600 to 100 m / min, the ratio of powder to fiber increases in addition to the block. However, an implant material containing blocks and an appropriate amount of powders and fibers has been shown to give better results in actual use than those consisting of blocks only.

Further, as described above, the product of the present invention is a processed product derived from the flesh of coconut fruits, which has been subjected to at least one pressing, immersion, dehydration and drying process, and which contains blocks, powders and fibers. Is. The block is a lump having a major axis of 3 mm or more, preferably 5 mm or more, and the fiber is a length of 0.3 to 5 cm,
A fibrous material of 0.5 to 3 cm is preferable. The block: fiber: powder ratio is 30-92: 4-40: 3-20, preferably 40-88: 6-20: 6-20.

The fibers act as conduits for draining excess water from the bottom of the container, and the powder distributes the excess water evenly throughout the potting material in the container and the block absorbs this excess water. As a whole, the implant material has good drainage, water retention and fertilizing properties, and has both contradictory characteristics of drainage and water retention.

Although only the product of the present invention may be used by filling it in a pot or a container, other implanting materials may be mixed and used. Alternatively, it can be directly ground into the soil. In this case, usually 50 liters per 3.3 m ² is blended, but in the case of rose, twice this amount is required.

[0020]

The present invention squeezes the flesh of palms almost perpendicular to the direction of the fibers and then further improves the planting material of the chopped plants to reduce the tannin content until it is completely harmless and to reduce the iron content. In addition to increasing the amount, it can be used as it is as a potting material for pots, and due to its abundant iron content, an excellent growth effect can be obtained.

Further, since the block, the fiber and the powder are contained, both of the water retaining property and the fertilizing property contradict each other. This property is particularly effective in the bottom surface water absorption method, which has recently become increasingly popular. Conventionally, water absorption and fertilization have been performed from the top surface of the implant material, but if water absorption and fertilization are performed from the bottom surface of the pot or container, it is possible to absorb water into a large number of pots or containers at once, which is very workable. preferable. However, in this case, it tends to be rooted unless an implant material having good drainage is used, and on the other hand, water retention is also required.
The present invention is an excellent material even in such a bottom surface water absorption method.

Further, in obtaining the implanting material of the present invention, the dissolution of tannin is accelerated by immersing it in water together with an iron lump, and iron is incorporated into the tissue of the implanting material in a state of being easily absorbed by the plant. It is believed that an implant material that is particularly suitable for the growth of the plant will be obtained.

Since the implant material of the present invention is not a mere flesh of a coconut but a product obtained by repeatedly squeezing and swelling, the volume increases 1.5 to 2 times when it is swollen in water before use. Moreover, since this block has high voids, it supplies a large amount of oxygen into the soil, and when the surrounding moisture increases, the block itself expands, and when the surrounding moisture decreases, the block contracts, and the expansion of this block It prevents the soil from being tightly tightened due to repeated shrinkage, maintains the softness of the soil for a long time, and significantly improves the root tension.

[0024]

Example 1 Seeds and hard coconut shells were removed from the fruits of palms. The flesh with the peel was divided into about 4 equal parts and pressed flat to a thickness of about 1/3. This was placed in a concrete water tank containing iron scrap and left overnight. The next day, the water was dark brown and the pulp was swollen. The pulp was squeezed using a press to a thickness of about ⅔, and was left in the water tank containing iron scraps again. This operation was repeated 4 times. The pressed pulp obtained at each time is dried and left at 20 ° C. and 50% RH for 3 days,
The tannin content, water content and iron content were measured and expressed in weight% and shown in Table 1.

[0025]

[Table 1] Water content Tannin Iron content (Fe ₂ O ₃ ) ────────────────────────────────── 1 time Immersion product 15 2.05 0.18 2 times immersion product 18 0.99 0.28 3 times immersion product 16 0.63 0.31 4 times immersion product 17 0.19 0.32

The pressed and dried product of the flesh of the palm, which was a water-immersed product into which no iron ingot was added, had a tannin content of 3.52% by weight, and the iron content was traces. Immersion water after the fourth treatment with a water tank containing iron scraps was extremely less colored than in the first treatment.

The fourth press was sun dried. Since this dried product was not tight and brittle, it was pressed again until its thickness became about 2/3. This squeezed product is disclosed in JP-A-2-2346.
Using a cutting machine disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 11 which has three rotary blades having a cutting blade at the tip of an arm of about 15 mm and extending from the center, the rotary blade was rotated at 400 RPM to perform cutting. The obtained cut product was 80% by weight of a block having a major axis of 3 mm or more, 10% by weight of fiber having a length of 0.3 cm or more, and 10% by weight of powder.

When this implant material was swollen with water for one day, the apparent volume increased about 1.6 times and the water was scarcely colored. Put this swollen implant material in a pot,
I planted cyclamen on May 15. This pot was grown by water absorption on the bottom. The flower buds were fully formed in October, and vigorous flowers continued to bloom for 5 months. When I took out cyclamen from the pot in October, it was well rooted and the whole circumference of the pot was surrounded by white roots. On the other hand, when peat moss, mulch, red balls, etc. were used as the implanting material, rooting occurred and it could not be used as a product.

[0029]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, compared with the conventional plant material obtained by squeezing and cutting the pulp of coconut, the tannin content of the plant is extremely low and an improved plant containing a large amount of iron is produced. An implant material is obtained.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A plant implant material containing blocks cut after pressing the flesh of coconuts in a direction substantially perpendicular to the fiber arrangement direction, which is 3 at 20 ° C. and 50% relative humidity.
A low tannin implant material having a tannin content of 2% by weight or less and an iron content of 0.15% by weight or more in terms of Fe ₂ O ₃ in a sample left for a day. 2. A plant implant material containing a block obtained by pressing fibers, powder and pulp derived from the flesh of a coconut fruit in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction in which the fibers are arranged,
The tannin content in the sample left for 3 days at 20 ° C. and 50% relative humidity was 2% by weight or less, and the iron content was Fe ₂ O.
A low tannin implant material characterized by being 0.15% by weight or more in terms of ₃ . 3. After swelling the pulp of the palm pressed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the fiber bundle in water together with the iron lump to swell,
The process of taking out and compressing this once or twice or more, drying, and drying, after compressing to about 1/2 to 1/4 of its thickness, cutting, 20 ° C.,
A method for producing a low tannin-implanted material having a tannin content of 2% by weight or less and an iron content of 0.15% by weight or more in terms of Fe ₂ O ₃ in a sample left for 3 days at a relative humidity of 50%.