JPH081309B2 - House - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to a house using a so-called air cycle that utilizes a flow of air. More specifically, it has little heat loss and also has a ventilation function for the living space,
It concerns a house that heats the soil.

[Conventional technology]

In this type of house, the space under the floor and the space behind the hut are connected with the space inside the wall, and these spaces are naturally ventilated or forcedly circulate air.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

However, in an air cycle house with a conventional structure, a house using natural ventilation does not perform an air cycle for the entire house when only a limited room is heated, such as in winter. This is because the interior wall surface and ceiling of the house, and the shoji screens on the corridor side, etc. are added in only one room in the house, and only the internal space in this part rises in temperature, causing an air cycle for the entire house. There was a drawback that it could not be a driving force, and when the elevated temperature reached a certain height of the wall surface, it was reduced by other cold air and became condensed water at that position. Of course, since the stove, etc. is on the floor, the air cycle space in the vicinity immediately condenses due to contact with the air heated at low temperature and high humidity from the underfloor space, causing corrosion of the base, heat insulating material (glass wool Nurei cloth). There is a drawback of promoting Further, neither the air cycle house with natural ventilation nor the air cycle house with forced ventilation has a structure for taking in air into the indoor space, nor a structure for completely dispersing air in the air cycle space.

[Means for solving the problem]

In order to eliminate such drawbacks, the present invention provides ventilation with less heat loss by making the living space also one of the routes of the air cycle, and at the same time, collects solar heat on the outer wall and the roof to save energy in winter. In order to reduce the amount of heat, and to provide an earth floor heating unit in the underfloor space, and to intake and exhaust the air in the house through a heat exchanger, the heat in and out of the house is blocked, which improves comfort and durability. This is a proposal for a house with improved property.

〔Example〕

An embodiment of a house according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view for explaining a typical example of the house A, where 1 is a space behind the hut, 2 is a living space, 3 is an underfloor space, 4 is an airtight heat insulating layer, 5 is a collector space, and 11 is a ventilation space. , 13 is a draft duct, 14 is a heat exchanger, 16 is an air collecting duct, 17 is a ventilation fan, 18 is an air supply port, from 20
22 is a pipe and 25 is an earth heating unit. That is, the attic space 1, the living space 2, the underfloor space 3, and the ventilation space 11 are house A.
The space surrounded by the airtight insulating layer 4 inside the
There are three spaces dispersed by 0, the ceiling 23, and the floor 24. The attic space 1 is the outside air or the air in the collector space 5 obtained through the heat exchanger 14 and the underfloor space as described later. It is a space that is discharged after being mixed with the air sent from the space 3 through the air collection duct 16 in the mixing duct 15, and for sending the air to the living space 2 and to the underfloor space 3 via the ventilation space 11. It functions as an air dam. The living space 2 is a space in which the resident lives his / her daily life. The underfloor space 3 or the attic space 1 and the air supply port.
It is tied by 18. The air supply port 18 is a passage for sending the air in the underfloor space 3 or the air in the attic space 1 to the living space 2, and may be a simple hole, or may have a forced blowing fan. A ventilation fan 17 is provided in at least one place of the living space 2. This ventilation fan 17 is connected to the heat exchanger 14 by a pipe 22, and in the living space 2, dirty air due to exhaust of a breather of a resident, a heater such as a stove, and air containing humidity are passed through the heat exchanger 14. It is for discharging to the outside B via. Underfloor space 3
Is a space divided by the living space 2 and the floor 24, and is a space communicated with the attic space 1 through the ventilation space 11. In addition, attic space 1, living space 2, underfloor space 3
Is surrounded by the airtight heat insulating layer 4. This airtight heat insulating layer 4 has at least heat insulating properties and hermetic properties, and secondarily has a sound insulating property, a sound absorbing property and a moisture proof property, for example, a sheathing board, a sheathing insulation board, an ALC plate,
Various synthetic resin boards, wood chip cement boards, glass wool boards, etc.
Alternatively, it is formed from these composite plates. To further explain, the airtight heat insulating layer 4 is formed in the interior of the house A into two groups: an attic space 1, a living space 2 and an underfloor space 3, and a collector space 5 consisting of a wall collector space 7 and a roof collector space 9. It divides and blocks the flow of air and heat between the groups. It is also possible to attach an airtight film such as a polyethylene sheet or an aluminum vapor-deposited sheet to the outer surface (the surface on the collector space 5 side) or the inner surface of the airtight heat insulating layer 4. The collector space 5 includes a wall collector space 7 and a roof collector space 9. The wall collector space 7 is a space surrounded by the outer wall 6 and the airtight heat insulating layer 4, and the roof collector space 9 includes the roof 8 and the airtight heat insulating layer 4. It is a space between. The wall collector space 7 and the roof collector space 9 are the outer wall 6 and the roof 8
It is the part that collects the solar heat through the. More specifically, in the collector space 5, the air taken in from the ventilation port 12 is discharged by the draft duct 13 at the lower end and the tip of the wall collector space 7 and the roof collector space 9 to heat the air through the outer wall 6 and the roof 8, respectively. It is a part. The loosened air rises and is collected by a heat collecting duct or the like (not shown) and is used for heating the house A through the heat exchanger 14. In the winter, even if the heat cannot be collected in the collector space 5 , the air at the same temperature as the outside temperature is used as the heat exchanger.
After being loosened by the air in the house A at 14 and mixed with the existing air in the mixing duct 15, the attic space 1
Since it is released inside, heating efficiency is not reduced.
Further, the collector space 5 is not operated in the summer, and is completely stopped or the air dispersed by the draft duct 13 from the ventilation port 12 is discharged from the ventilation port 12. Further, the draft duct 13 is shown as one branch in the middle in FIG. 1, but it is also possible to use different draft ducts 13 for the wall collector space 7 and the roof collector space 9, respectively. The ventilation space 11 is a space formed between the inner wall 10 and the airtight heat insulating layer 4, and the lower part is a space which is continuous with the underfloor space 3 and the upper part is the attic space 1. This ventilation space 11 moves the fresh air dispersed in the attic space 1 to the underfloor space 3 to create an inner wall of the living space 2.
It is for removing cold air around 10. Heat exchanger 14
3 has a structure as shown in FIG. 3, for example, to selectively connect the duct 14a with the collector space 5 , the ventilation port 12, or another intake port (not shown), and the duct 14b with an exhaust port (not shown). However, the duct 14d is connected to the ventilation fan 17 and the duct 14c is connected to the mixing duct 15. That is,
The heat exchanger 14 takes in fresh air directly from the collector space 5 or the outside B through the duct 14a, and the duct 14c.
This is for exchanging heat of warm air discharged from the duct 14d to the outside B through the duct 14b when the air is blown from the duct 14d to the mixing duct 15 to prevent heat from flowing in and out. The mixing duct 15 mixes the air taken into the house A through the heat exchanger 14 with the existing warm air sent from the underfloor space 3, and then discharges it into the attic space 1. This is because even if the air taken in through the heat exchanger 14 is warmed by heat exchange with the air discharged through the heat exchanger 14, due to the size of the heat exchange rate, Since the temperature is lower than that of the air, by mixing with the existing air in the mixing duct 15, it is discharged to the attic space 1 in a warmer state and fresh air is taken in to prevent the temperature from decreasing. It is a thing. Therefore, the temperature distribution in the attic space 1 does not change and partial dew condensation can be prevented. The air collection duct 16 is the underfloor space 3
Is for blowing the air warmed by the soil heating unit 25 to the mixing duct 15, and is formed by a simple tubular shape, or as shown in FIG. 4, a pipe made of metal or plastic is formed into an antenna shape. Having slits 16a having a square shape, an elliptical shape, a circular shape, etc., or a material having voids composed of communicating tissues as shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), for example, glass fiber, plastic fiber, mineral Fibrous materials such as fibers and metal fibers,
A synthetic resin foam such as polyurethane foam or polyurea foam having an open cell structure, a porous ceramic, or the like formed into a pipe shape such as a ring shape, a square shape, a triangular shape, or a polygonal shape in FIG. 6 (a), These are arranged as shown in (b). The soil heating unit 25 heats the inside of the underfloor space 3 and blocks the infiltration of moisture from the ground. The soil heating unit 25 is composed of a heat insulating layer 26, a concrete layer 27, and a hot water pipe 30 as extracted and shown in FIG. To further explain, the heat insulating layer 26 is a polystyrene foam, a polyurethane foam, a rigid plastic foam such as a phenol foam having a closed cell foam structure and a density of about ³⁰ to 100 kg / m ³ or an ALC plate, It is made of at least one kind of wood chip cement board, wood wool cement board, etc., and has a thickness of about 10 to 100 mm. This heat insulating layer 26 is for preventing the heat from being released to the ground when hot water is passed through the hot water pipe 30 to heat the soil. When the heat insulating layer 25 is made of a hard plastic foam having a closed cell foam structure, etc., it has a moisture-proof property, and moisture from the ground does not enter the house A, but it does not soak up like ALC or a wooden wool cement board. When a wet material is used, it is preferable to lay a moisture-proof sheet 31 as shown by a chain double-dashed line or in the middle (not shown) between the heat insulation layer 26 and the concrete layer 27. The concrete layer 27 functions as a heat storage material and a heat dispersion material from the hot water pipe 30, and by burying the hot water pipe 30, water is stored in the hot water pipe 30 and when it freezes, the hot water pipe 30 It also helps prevent rupture. The concrete layer 27 is divided into a reinforced base concrete layer 28 and a soil concrete layer 29 for convenience. Reinforcement base concrete layer 29 is mainly hot water pipe 30
It is a layer for facilitating the piping of. The reinforced base concrete layer 28 can also be formed by using concrete or by using a PC board. In addition, the soil concrete layer 29 functions as a heat radiating portion for burying the hot water pipe 30 and for uniformly heating the air in the underfloor space 3. The hot water pipe 30 is, for example, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, and it is preferable that the heat source 33 to the entrance and exit on the reinforcing base concrete layer 28 be covered with a heat insulating material 32. The hot water pipe 30 is made of a copper pipe, a plastic pipe, or the like, and is for performing earth heating by passing an antifreeze liquid, a heat medium gas, or the like inside.

Here, the flow of air will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. First, the air flow in the winter will be described. The air taken from the outside B through the ventilation port 12 is sent to the collector space 5 by the draft duct 13. In the collector space 5 , it is warmed by solar heat and rises in the wall collector space 7 and the roof collector space 9, and is supplied to the mixing duct 15 via the heat exchanger 14. In the mixing duct 15, the air from the heat exchanger 15 and the air from the underfloor space 3 are mixed, and the mixed air is discharged to the attic space 1. At this time, the collector space
When the air heated in 5 passes through the heat exchanger 14, it receives the heat of the air in the house A released to the outside B through the heat exchanger 14 and is heated in a more heated state in the mixing duct 15
To the interior space 1 of the house A after being mixed with warm air in the house A in the mixing duct 15, the temperature of the interior space 1 is hardly reduced, and the dew condensation phenomenon is prevented. Can be prevented. Attic space 1
The air inside is ventilated by the pressure of the air supplied from the mixing duct 15, the suction force of the ventilation fan 17 of the living space 2 and the suction force of the air collection duct 16 of the underfloor space 3.
Flow that descends inside 11 and moves to underfloor space 3 and air supply port 18
A flow of moving through to the living space 2 is generated. In the underfloor space 3, the soil heating unit 25 is operating, and the soil heating unit 25
A part of the air heated by is transferred to the mixing duct 15 by the air collection duct 16 through the pipe 21, and is discharged to the attic space 1 again. Further, a part moves to the living space 2 through the air supply port 18. The air in the living space 2 is discharged to the outside B through the heat exchanger 14 together with the moisture, gas, etc. emitted from the human body or the heater, through the ventilation fan 17 provided in the kitchen, bathroom, or the like. In this way, in winter, the heat generated inside the house A can be minimized to the outside, ventilation is also performed at the same time, and heating without heat loss and intake of fresh air are required. It becomes a house A where you can Further, during the summer season, the soil heating unit 25 is stopped, and as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 2, the air from the outside B is sent directly to the mixing duct 15 not through the collector space 5 but through the heat exchanger 14. Ventilation can be performed without the heat of the outside B being transferred to the house A. As described above, in this case, the collector space 5 can be stopped or independently moved to the outside B → the ventilation port 12 → the draft duct 13 → the collector space 5 → the ventilation port 12 → the outside B.
Especially in the latter case, even if the temperature in the collector space 5 rises due to solar heat, it does not affect the temperature in the living space 2.

What has been described above is only one example of the house A according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, a part of the pipe 21 connecting the air collecting duct 16 and the mixing duct 15 is a radiator in the living space 2. It can also be 34. In addition, the air supply port 18 has a
It is also possible to form it on only one side of the floor 24. Further, although the heat exchanger 14 is arranged in the collector space 5 in FIG. 1, it may be arranged in the attic space 1. It is also possible to interpose a fan 19 (in the figure, an example in which only the pipe 21 is provided) in the pipes 20 to 22, the draft duct 13, and the ventilation space 11. Further, it is also possible to perform cooling by using a heat pump type heat source 33 and passing a cold heat medium through the hot water pipe 30 in the summer. In this case, since the air cooled in the underfloor space 3 is discharged to the attic space 1 through the mixing duct 15, the entire house A can be cooled.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the house of the present invention, since intake and exhaust with the outside are all performed through the heat exchanger,
There is no heat input and output, and heating and cooling can be performed efficiently. In winter, the solar heat can be utilized by the wall collector space and the roof collector space, and the heating cost can be reduced. Even if the heat collecting function of the collector space cannot be fulfilled in winter, the partial temperature in the attic space is still maintained due to heat exchange by the heat exchanger and mixing with warm air heated by the earth heating part in the mixing duct. It is possible to significantly reduce the deterioration and prevent dew condensation. The living space can be ventilated at the same time. Since the airtight heat insulating layer is formed, there is no draft and efficient cooling and heating can be performed. Warming by soil heating that is performed in winter spreads throughout the house, which is a favorable condition for habitability and durability. Moisture from the ground can be prevented from directly entering the underfloor space, and condensation can be suppressed. The heating of the underfloor space can be adjusted as needed by an external heat source, and heating can be performed efficiently. There are characteristics and effects.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a typical example of a house according to the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a block diagram explaining the flow of air, FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a heat exchanger, FIG. 4, FIG. 5 (a),
(B), FIGS. 6 (a) and (b) are explanatory views showing an example of an air collecting duct, FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing an earth heating part extracted, and FIGS. 8 and 9 are hot water pipes. It is explanatory drawing which shows the example of piping. A: house, 1 ... hut back space, 2 ... living space, 3 ...
… Underfloor space, 4 …… Airtight insulation layer, 5 …… Collector space, 11 …… Ventilation space, 13 …… Draft duct, 14 …… Heat exchanger, 15 …… Mixing duct, 16 …… Air collection duct,
17 …… Ventilation fan, 18 …… Air supply port, 25 …… Dirt heating unit, 30…
… Hot water pipe.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An indoor space is divided into an attic space, a living space, an underfloor space, a ventilation space, and a collector space consisting of a wall collector space and a roof collector space by an airtight heat insulation layer, and the attic space and the underfloor space. The space is connected by the ventilation space between the inner wall and the airtight heat insulating layer, and the underfloor space and the living space or the attic space and at least one of the living space are connected by the air supply port, and the collector space has the ventilation port and the draft duct. A mixing duct is installed in the attic space, an air collection duct is installed in the underfloor space, a ventilation fan is installed in the living space, and the soil in the underfloor space is a soil heating section consisting of a heat insulating layer, a concrete layer, and a hot water pipe. A heat exchanger is installed at an arbitrary position inside the house, the heat exchanger is connected to the ventilation fan, the mixing duct, and the collector space, and the outside air is drawn by the draft duct. The air heated in the collector space is transferred to the mixing duct via the heat exchanger, where it is mixed with the air sent from the underfloor space by the air collection duct to the attic space. The house is characterized in that air from the attic space or sent to the underfloor space through ventilation air passes through the living space and is discharged to the outside through a ventilation fan and a heat exchanger. .