JPH081315B2 - House - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to a house using a so-called air cycle that utilizes a flow of air. More specifically, it has little heat loss and also has a ventilation function for the living space,
It concerns a house that heats the soil.

[Prior Art] A house of this kind of structure has been constructed by connecting an underfloor space and an attic space with a space inside a wall, and naturally ventilating these spaces or forcibly circulating air.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

However, in an air cycle house with a conventional structure, a house using natural ventilation does not perform an air cycle for the entire house when only a limited room is heated, such as in winter. This is because the interior wall surface and ceiling of a house and the shoji on the corridor side are heated by only one room in the house, and only the internal space in this part rises in temperature, which causes an air cycle for the entire house. There was a drawback that it could not be a driving force, and when the elevated temperature reached a certain height of the wall surface, it was reduced by other cold air and became condensed water at that position. Of course, since the stove, etc. is on the floor, the air cycle space in the vicinity immediately condenses due to contact with the air heated at low temperature and high humidity from the underfloor space, causing corrosion of the base, heat insulating material (glass wool wet cloth). )
There was a drawback to promote. Further, neither the air cycle house with natural ventilation nor the air cycle house with forced ventilation has a structure for taking in air into the indoor space, nor a structure for completely dispersing air in the air cycle space.

[Means for solving the problem]

In order to eliminate such drawbacks, the present invention provides ventilation with less heat loss by making the living space also one of the routes of the air cycle, and at the same time, collects solar heat on the outer wall and the roof to save energy in winter. In order to reduce the amount of heat, and to provide an earth floor heating unit in the underfloor space, and to intake and exhaust the air inside the house through a heat exchanger, the heat input and output inside the house is blocked, and the habitability and durability are improved. It proposes a house with improved

〔Example〕

An embodiment of a house according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view for explaining a typical example of the house A, where 1 is a space behind the hut, 2 is a living space, 3 is an underfloor space, 4 is an airtight heat insulating layer, 6 is a wall collector space, and 8 is a roof. Collector space, 10 is ventilation space, 11 is intake / exhaust port, 12 is heat exchanger, 14 is air inlet, 15 is ventilation fan, 16 is heat collecting duct, 17 is distribution duct, 18 is fan, 19 to 22 are pipes , 25 is a wife ventilation port, and 26 is an earth heating unit. That is, the attic space 1, the living space 2, and the underfloor space 3 are three spaces divided by the inner wall 9, the ceiling 23, and the floor 24 inside the house A, and the attic space 1 is a heat exchanger as described later. It is one of the functions of an air dam for stirring and dispersing the outside air sucked through 12 by the diffusion fan 13 and the path for sending warm air to the underfloor space.
In addition, the living space 2 is a space in which the residents live their daily lives,
The underfloor space 3 is connected by an air supply port 14. The air supply port 14 is a passage for sending the air in the underfloor space 3 to the living space 2, and has a simple hole shape, or is provided with a forced air fan. A ventilation fan 15 is provided at least at one place in the living space 2. This ventilation fan 15 is a pipe 21
Is connected to the heat exchanger 12 through the heat exchanger 12 and discharges dirty air due to the breathing of the occupant in the living space 2, exhaust from the heater such as the stove, and air containing humidity to the outside through the heat exchanger 12. It is for. The underfloor space 3 is a space divided by the living space 2 and the floor 24, and the ventilation space 10
Is a space which is communicated with the attic space 1 through the, and is also communicated with the lower part of the wall collector space 6. Further, the attic space 1, the living space 2, and the underfloor space 3 are portions surrounded by the airtight heat insulating layer 4. This airtight heat insulating layer 4 has at least heat insulating properties and sealing properties, and secondarily has sound insulating properties, sound absorbing properties,
It is formed of a moisture-proof material, for example, a sheathing board, a sheathing insulation board, an ALC board, various synthetic resin boards, a wood chip cement board, a glass wool board, or a composite board thereof. To further explain, the airtight heat insulation layer 4 is provided inside the house A in the attic space 1,
It is divided into two groups, a living space 2 and an underfloor space 3, and a wall collector space 6 and a roof collector space 8, and also functions as a heat insulating layer. The wall collector space 6 is a space surrounded by the outer wall 5 and the airtight heat insulating layer 4, and the roof collector space 8 is a space between the roof 7 and the airtight heat insulating layer 4. The wall collector space 6 and the roof collector space 8 are continuous with each other, and are a portion where solar heat is collected through the outer wall 5 and the roof 7. To explain further, the lower part (near the base) of the wall collector space 6 communicates with the underfloor space 3 and the aeration space 10. Part of the air in the underfloor space 3 is taken in, and this air is added by solar heat via the outer wall 5. It warms you up. Since this wall collector space 6 is continuous with the roof collector space 8, the air heated in the wall collector space 6 rises and moves to the roof collector space 8. The air that has moved to the roof collector space 8 is further heated by the solar heat through the roof 7, and is collected by the heat collecting duct 16 arranged near the ridge of the roof collector space 8. In winter, the air is passed through the fan 18 and pipes. It is carried to the underfloor space 3 through 22. That is, the wall collector space 6 and the roof collector space 8 are for collecting solar heat in the winter season and using it for heating the house A. In addition, heat collection duct 1
6. The fan 18 operates only when the temperature of the air in the roof collector space 8 reaches at least one temperature in the attic space 1, the living space 2, and the underfloor space 3. In this case, although not shown, the heat collecting duct 16 and the fan 18 can be controlled by a sensor or a microcomputer. Further, in the summer, the heat collecting duct 16 closes the path to the pipe 22 so that the air is released to the outside of the house A and the heat in the house A is released. The dispersion duct 17 is arranged in the underfloor space 3, and is connected to the heat collection duct 16, the fan 18 and the pipe 22,
This is for dispersing the air warmed by the wall collector space 6 and the roof collector space 8 in the underfloor space 3. Its shape is, for example, as shown in FIG.
A pipe made of plastic is formed into an antenna shape, and each has a rectangular, oval, or circular slit 17a.
Or a material having voids composed of a continuous structure, for example, a fibrous material such as glass fiber, plastic fiber, mineral fiber, metal fiber, polyurethane foam of open cell structure, synthetic resin foam such as polyurea foam, porous Quality ceramics, etc.
A pipe-shaped member having a rectangular shape, a triangular shape, a polygonal shape, or the like is arranged as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b). The ventilation space 10 is a space formed between the inner wall 9 and the airtight heat insulating layer 4, and the lower part is a space which is continuous with the underfloor space 3 and the upper part is the attic space 1. The ventilation space 10 is a path for guiding the fresh air taken in by the intake / exhaust port 11 and the heat exchanger 12 in the winter season and the fresh air taken in from the wife ventilation port 25 in the summer season to the underfloor space 3. At the same time, it is for removing cold air around the inner wall 9 of the living space 2. The heat exchanger 12 has, for example, a structure as shown in FIG. 5, and connects the ducts 12a and 12b to the intake / exhaust ports 11 and the pipes 19 and 20, and connects the duct 12d to the ventilation fan 15 and the pipe 21.
The duct 12c is connected to the diffusion fan 13. That is, the heat exchanger 12 takes in fresh air from the duct 12a from the intake / exhaust port 11 through the pipe 19 and passes through the duct 12d from the duct 12b when the air is discharged from the duct 12c to the attic space 1 by the diffusion fan 13. This is to prevent the heat from being released by exchanging the heat of the warm air discharged to the outside. The diffusion fan 13 is for diffusing the fresh air obtained through the heat exchanger 12 in the attic space 1 to make the temperature in the attic space 1 uniform. The wife ventilation port 25 connects the back space 1 and the outside of the house A, and is provided with a valve mechanism. The wife ventilation opening 25 is opened in the summer and serves as an intake for the outside air, and is closed in the winter. The wife ventilation port 25 may be provided with a forced ventilation device such as a fan. The soil heating unit 26 heats the space under the floor 3 and heats the living space 2 via the heated air and the floor 24. This dirt floor heating unit 26 is the sixth
As shown in the drawing, it is composed of a heat insulating layer 27, a reinforced base concrete layer 28, a hot water pipe 29, and a soil concrete layer 30. To further explain, the heat insulating layer 27
Is mainly made of rigid plastic foam, such as polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, phenol foam, etc., or at least one material having a compressive strength with a closed cell foaming structure such as ALC board, wood chip cement board, wood wool cement board, etc. , Thickness about 10 ~ 100 mm, density 30 ~ 100
It is about kg / m ² . The reinforced base concrete layer 28 is to prevent the hot water pipe 29 from bursting by sandwiching it with the soil concrete layer 30 when the water is stored in the hot water pipe 29 and freezes.
It is to facilitate the piping of 29. The hot water pipe 29 is, for example, a pipe as shown in FIG. 7, and the heat source 31 to the entrance / exit on the reinforcing base concrete layer 28 is covered with a heat insulating material 29a.
The soil concrete layer 30 is for embedding a hot water pipe 29 arranged on the reinforced base concrete layer 28, and functions as a heat storage layer, a hot water pipe reinforcing layer, a waterproof and moisture proof layer.

Here, the flow of air will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2A and 2B. FIG. 2 (a) shows a flow in the winter season. Air taken from the outside B into the house A through the intake / exhaust port 11 passes through the heat exchanger 12 and the diffusing fan 13 causes the attic space 1 Spread to
Supplied. Since the air in the attic space 1 is supplied from the heat exchanger 12, its pressure increases, and due to this pressure, it moves to the underfloor space 3 through the ventilation space 10. The air that has moved to the underfloor space 3 is operated by the heat collection duct 16,
And due to the pressure in the underfloor space 3, a part of it moves to the wall collector space 6. In the wall collector space 6, it is heated by solar heat via the outer wall 5 and rises, and moves to the roof collector space 8. In the roof collector space 8, it is moved by the solar heat through the roof 7 to the heat collecting duct 16 which is further warmed and provided in the ridge portion. The warmed air is carried by the heat collecting duct 16 through the fan 18 to the dispersion duct 17 arranged in the underfloor space 3 through the pipe 22, and is uniformly dispersed in the underfloor space 3. In the underfloor space 3, the air sent from the heat collecting duct 16 and the air coming through the ventilation space 10 are mixed, and
The mixed warm air heated by the soil heating unit 26 enters the living space 2 through the air supply port 14. The air in the living space 2 is dispersed between the rooms, finally carried to the heat exchanger 12 via the ventilation fan 15, and discharged to the outside B from the intake / exhaust port 11 through the pipe 20. At this time, since the back space 1 is under pressure, the moisture (humidity) generated in the living space 2
Is released to the outside B through the ventilation fan 15 and the heat exchanger 12 without leaking to the attic space 1, and corrosion of the house A can be prevented. As described above, in the winter, the heat generated in the house A can be minimized to the outside, and the house A can be ventilated at the same time. In summer, the heat collection duct 16 to the dispersion duct
The path to 17 is closed so as to be continuous with the outside B, the end ventilation opening 25 is opened, and the ventilation fan 15 is stopped so that the air flow is as shown in FIG. 2 (b). That is, the air from the outside B passes through the wife ventilation port 25 and is taken into the attic space 1 inside the house A. Next, the heat collection duct 16
Due to the suction force generated by the release of air from the space, the space moves down from the attic space 1 into the ventilation space 10 and moves from the lower part of the ventilation space 10 through the underfloor space 3 or directly to the wall collector space 6. In the wall collector space 6, heated by the intense summer heat of summer, the air rises and moves to the roof collector space 8. In the roof collector space 8 as well as in the wall collector space 6, air is warmed and discharged to the outside B via the heat collecting duct 16. In this flow, the air in the ventilation space 10 can move and at the same time, the heat in the living space 2 can be absorbed. Of course, the function of the soil heating unit 26 is stopped in the summer.

The above description is merely one example of the house A according to the present invention, and as indicated by the dotted line in FIG.
A part of the pipe 22 connecting the 16 and the dispersion duct 17 may be used as the radiator 32 in the living space 2. Intake and exhaust port 11
Although it is formed near the base in FIG. 1, it can be provided near the roof 7 such as the eaves. Further, although the heat exchanger 12 is arranged in the attic space 1 in the figure, it may be arranged in a part of the wall body or in the underfloor space 3. It is also possible to provide a valve function between the ventilation space 10 and the underfloor space 3 so that the air does not flow backward from the wall collector space 6 to the underfloor space 3. When a material having a void having a communicating structure is used as the dispersion duct 17, the material can be formed as schematically shown in FIGS. 8 (a) to 8 (h) with sectional views. That is, (a) is a dispersion duct 17, which is composed only of a main body 17b made of a material having voids of a communicating structure, (b), (c) is an inner surface of the main body 17b, an outer surface, or both surfaces (not shown). Dispersion duct 17 with improved shape retention by covering the sheet with a breathable sheet 17c, (d)
Figures (h) shows the outer surface of the main body 17b covered with a sheet 17d, figures (d) show a dispersion duct 17 having slits 17e, and figures (e) to (g) show a sheet 17d. Dispersion duct 17 with free end 17f formed in part of
It is a dispersion duct 17 in which a part of 7b is exposed. In addition,
The sheet-like material 17d in FIGS. (D) to (h) may be either air-permeable or air-impermeable, but when an air-impermeable material is used in FIGS. (D) to (g), the slit 17e and the free end are used. 1
7f fulfills a valve function, which is one-way only for discharging the air in the dispersion duct 17 to the outside, which is preferable. Also, the hot water pipe 29 may be arranged as shown in FIG.
Arbitrary piping is possible. Further, although not shown, it is also possible to lay sand, gravel, cobblestone, lime, rice husk, large stone, carbide, etc. on the soil concrete layer 30 to make them function as a heat storage material. Furthermore, in FIG.
As shown by the dotted line, the moisture-proof sheet 33 can be laid and the heat insulating layer 27 can be laid on it. A heat pump type heat source is used as the heat source 31, and the hot water pipe 29 is used in the summer.
It is also possible to pass cold water inside.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the house of the present invention, since intake and exhaust with the outside are all performed through the heat exchanger,
There is no heat input and output, and heating and cooling can be performed efficiently. In winter, the solar heat can be utilized by the wall collector space and the roof collector space, and the heating cost can be reduced. In the summer, the heat generated in the living space can be released to the outside. Ventilation of living space can be performed at the same time in winter.
Since the pressure in the attic space is higher than that in the residential space, moisture and moisture generated in the residential space do not leak to the attic space, and the durability of the house can be improved. In the winter, since the soil heating works, the whole house can be heated uniformly, which is a good condition for residents and houses. It is possible to prevent the moisture from the ground from being directly supplied to the underfloor space,
Generation of dew condensation can be suppressed. The underfloor space can be heated by an external heat source as needed and can be heated efficiently. Features and effects

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a typical example of a house according to the present invention,
FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) are block diagrams for explaining the flow of air, FIGS. 3 and 4 (a) and 4 (b) are explanatory diagrams showing examples of dispersion ducts, and FIG. 5 is heat exchange. 6A, 6B, 7A, 7B, 8C, 8D, 8E, 8F, 8G, and 9H are explanatory views illustrating an example of a container, FIGS. . A: house, 1 ... hut back space, 2 ... living space, 3 ...
… Underfloor space, 4 …… Airtight insulation layer, 6 …… Wall collector space, 8 …… Roof collector space, 10 …… Ventilation space, 12…
… Heat exchanger, 14 …… Air supply port, 15 …… Ventilation fan, 25 …… Wife ventilation port, 26 …… Soil heating part, 27 …… Insulation layer, 28 …… Reinforcement base concrete layer, 29 …… Hot water pipe , 30 …… Concrete layer.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An attic space, a living space, and an underfloor space are surrounded by an airtight heat insulation layer, a wall collector space is formed between the airtight heat insulation layer and an outer wall, and a roof collector space is provided between the airtight heat insulation layer and a roof. And a ventilation space for connecting the wall collector space and the roof collector space, and for connecting the underfloor space and the attic space between the airtight heat-insulating layer and the inner wall, and The lower part of the collector space and the lower part of the ventilation space are communicated with each other, and the underfloor space and the living space are connected by an air supply port, the roof collector space has a heat collecting duct, the underfloor space has a dispersing duct,
A ventilation fan is installed in the living space, a heat exchanger is installed at an arbitrary position inside the house, and at least one intake / exhaust port connecting the inside and outside of the house is formed. The associated ventilation opening is formed, and the intake and exhaust openings are connected to the heat exchanger, the heat collecting duct and the dispersing duct are connected by a pipe, and the heat collecting duct is connected to the outside of the house. The connection with the pipe leading to the dispersion duct can be switched, and the heat insulating layer made of hard plastic foam etc. between the soil in the underfloor space, the reinforced base concrete layer, the hot water pipe piping, and the soil concrete layer burying this hot water pipe A house characterized by a soil heating unit laminated in this order.