JPH0827205B2 - Pressure sensor - Google Patents
Pressure sensorInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0827205B2 JPH0827205B2 JP63241340A JP24134088A JPH0827205B2 JP H0827205 B2 JPH0827205 B2 JP H0827205B2 JP 63241340 A JP63241340 A JP 63241340A JP 24134088 A JP24134088 A JP 24134088A JP H0827205 B2 JPH0827205 B2 JP H0827205B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- resin
- pressure sensor
- transmission chamber
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 10
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は、浴槽の水位を圧力として検知する圧力検知
センサに関するものであり、浴槽へ自動的に湯張りを行
う自動風呂に用いられるものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pressure detection sensor for detecting the water level of a bathtub as pressure, and is used for an automatic bath for automatically filling the bathtub with water.
従来の技術 従来のこの種の圧力検知センサを第４図に示す。１は
浴槽もしくは浴槽に連通したパイプであり、水が充填し
ていて浴槽の水位に応じてその圧力が変化するものであ
り、２はセンサ取付台である。３は圧力検知素子であ
り、圧力導入口４を有する。５は圧力検知素子３を支持
する素子支持体であり、圧力導入口４を開口させた圧力
伝達室６を有する。７は圧力伝達室６に封入された流動
性充填材である。８は樹脂製の素子支持体５の圧力伝達
室壁である。10は圧力導入口４と樹脂製の素子支持体５
の間に挿入されたシール材で、たとえばフッソゴム等か
らなり、プリント板12に無理な力がかからないようにす
る役目も有する。圧力導入口４と樹脂製の素子支持体５
とは、微少な隙間を有しており、プライマー処理された
お互いが接着材にてシールしてある。圧力導入口４は、
たとえばFe−Ni合金にNiメッキした後、金メッキ処理を
したものであり、樹脂製の素子支持体５はポリプロピレ
ン等からできている。第５図において樹脂製の蓋９は素
子支持体５とで圧力伝達室６を形成するもので、圧力伝
達室６側に端部15を有し、その先端にはビード部16を有
し、前記ビード部16が樹脂製素子支持体５に設けられた
がガイド部17で、超音波溶着でシールされている。な
お、11は圧力検知素子３の信号を処理する回路、12はそ
れらを支持するプリント板、13は蓋である。14は蓋19と
一体の直管部で、パイプ１内の圧力を圧力伝達室６に導
くものである。2. Description of the Related Art A conventional pressure detection sensor of this type is shown in FIG. 1 is a bathtub or a pipe communicating with the bathtub, which is filled with water and whose pressure changes according to the water level in the bathtub, and 2 is a sensor mounting base. Reference numeral 3 denotes a pressure detecting element having a pressure inlet 4. An element support 5 supports the pressure detection element 3, and has a pressure transmission chamber 6 in which the pressure inlet 4 is opened. Reference numeral 7 denotes a flowable filler sealed in the pressure transmission chamber 6. Reference numeral 8 is a pressure transmission chamber wall of the element support 5 made of resin. 10 is a pressure inlet 4 and a resin element support 5
A seal member inserted between the two is made of, for example, fluorine rubber, and also has a role of preventing an excessive force from being applied to the printed board 12. Pressure inlet 4 and element support 5 made of resin
Have minute gaps and are primed with each other and sealed with an adhesive. The pressure inlet 4 is
For example, a Fe-Ni alloy is plated with Ni and then plated with gold, and the element support 5 made of resin is made of polypropylene or the like. In FIG. 5, a resin lid 9 forms a pressure transmission chamber 6 together with the element support 5, and has an end portion 15 on the pressure transmission chamber 6 side and a bead portion 16 at its tip. The bead portion 16 is provided on the resin element support 5, but is sealed by a guide portion 17 by ultrasonic welding. In addition, 11 is a circuit for processing the signal of the pressure detection element 3, 12 is a printed board that supports them, and 13 is a lid. Reference numeral 14 denotes a straight pipe portion integral with the lid 19 for guiding the pressure in the pipe 1 to the pressure transmission chamber 6.
発明が解決しようとする課題 しかしながら上記構成では、浴槽水の加熱、冷却によ
って流動性充填材７は温度によって体積が変化する。さ
らに、この種の圧力センサは浴槽に連通したパイプ１の
中でも、循環ポンプの戻り管に設けられることが多く、
循環ポンプ作動時には負圧がかかり、循環ポンプが停止
するとその負圧が減少し、圧力は上昇する。このよう
に、流動性充填材７には、温度変化及び圧力変化が加わ
ることによって、流動性充填材は体積が膨張したり収縮
したりする。この動作を繰り返すと、流動性充填材７が
圧力伝達室６から抜け出してしまい、内部にゴミがつま
ったり、圧力センサ部が凍結により破壊したりして、圧
力センサとしての機能を減ずることが生じる恐れがあ
る。Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, in the above configuration, the volume of the flowable filler 7 changes depending on the temperature due to heating and cooling of bath water. Further, this type of pressure sensor is often provided in the return pipe of the circulation pump among the pipes 1 communicating with the bathtub,
Negative pressure is applied during operation of the circulation pump, and when the circulation pump stops, the negative pressure decreases and pressure increases. As described above, when a change in temperature and a change in pressure are applied to the fluid filler 7, the volume of the fluid filler expands and contracts. When this operation is repeated, the fluid filling material 7 comes out of the pressure transmission chamber 6, dust is clogged inside, or the pressure sensor portion is broken due to freezing, so that the function as the pressure sensor is reduced. There is a fear.
本発明はかかる従来の課題を解消するもので、圧力伝
達室内の流動性充填材を抜けにくくし、且つ安定した圧
力特性を提供する圧力センサを提供するものである。The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and provides a pressure sensor that makes it difficult for the fluid filler in the pressure transmission chamber to come off and provides stable pressure characteristics.
課題を解決するための手段 上記課題を解決するために本発明の圧力センサは、圧
力導入口を有する圧力検出素子と、この圧力検出素子を
取付け、且つ前記圧力導入口を開口させた圧力伝達を壁
を有する樹脂製素子支持体と、一端を開放した直管部を
上部方向に偏心させて有する樹脂製蓋よりなり、前記圧
力導入口に対し上方に前記直管部を位置させて樹脂製蓋
を樹脂製素子支持体に溶着して圧力伝達室を形成し、こ
の圧力伝達室に水の比重より重い流動性充填材を注入し
たものである。Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, the pressure sensor of the present invention includes a pressure detecting element having a pressure introducing port, and a pressure transmitting element in which the pressure detecting element is attached and the pressure introducing port is opened. It is composed of a resin element support having a wall and a resin lid having a straight tube portion with one end open eccentrically in the upper direction, and the resin lid with the straight tube portion positioned above the pressure introducing port. Is welded to a resin element support to form a pressure transmission chamber, and a fluid filler that is heavier than the specific gravity of water is injected into the pressure transmission chamber.
作用 本発明は上記構成によって、温度変化及び圧力変化が
生じても必ず、圧力伝達室に流動性充填材が残るように
したので、信頼性の高い圧力センサを提供できるもので
ある。Action The present invention has the above-described configuration so that the fluid filler is always left in the pressure transmission chamber even when a temperature change and a pressure change occur, so that a highly reliable pressure sensor can be provided.
実施例 以下、本発明の実施例を第１図、第２図、第３図に基
づいて説明する。第１図において、第４図を同一のもの
には同一符号を付して詳細な説明を省略し、異なる部分
を中心に説明する。樹脂製蓋９の一端は解放された直管
部14を有しており、この直管部14は樹脂製蓋９のセンタ
ーに対して上部方向に偏心させてあり、且つ樹脂製蓋９
の直管部14は、樹脂製素子支持体５に固定された圧力セ
ンサ３の圧力導入口４に対して上方に位置するようにし
て樹脂製蓋９を樹脂製素子支持体５に、第２図に示すガ
イド部17で、超音波溶着でシールして圧力伝達室６が形
成されている。Embodiments Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3. In FIG. 1, the same parts as those in FIG. 4 are designated by the same reference numerals, detailed description thereof will be omitted, and different parts will be mainly described. One end of the resin lid 9 has an open straight pipe portion 14, and this straight pipe portion 14 is eccentric to the center of the resin lid 9 in the upper direction, and
The straight pipe portion 14 is located above the pressure introducing port 4 of the pressure sensor 3 fixed to the resin element support body 5, and the resin lid 9 is attached to the resin element support body 5 A pressure transmission chamber 6 is formed by sealing with ultrasonic welding at a guide portion 17 shown in the figure.
ここで、樹脂製蓋９と樹脂製素子支持体５とは超音波
溶着で完全にシールされているので、たとえば上記溶着
後真空中で前記流動性充填材７を一旦注入すると、トリ
チェリーの定理により、周囲の気密が確保されているの
で、同一温度・同一圧力状態では洩れ出ない。勿論、超
音波溶着部のシールが不完全であると、シールの不完全
部から圧力が洩れて、結果として流動性充填材７は流出
するので超音波溶着は確実に行う。Here, since the resin lid 9 and the resin element support 5 are completely sealed by ultrasonic welding, for example, once the fluid filler 7 is injected in a vacuum after the welding, the Trichery's theorem is obtained. As a result, the airtightness of the surroundings is ensured, so no leakage occurs at the same temperature and pressure. Of course, if the sealing of the ultrasonic welded portion is incomplete, pressure leaks from the incompletely sealed portion, and as a result, the fluid filler 7 flows out, so the ultrasonic welding is performed reliably.
今、浴槽水の加熱と循環ポンプの作動によって流動性
充填材７が膨張すると、樹脂製素子支持体５や樹脂製蓋
９よりもフッソオイルからなる流動性充填材７の方が、
膨張量が大きいので膨張した分だけ流動性充填材は流出
してしまう。さらに、浴槽水が冷却され、循環ポンプの
作動が停止した時には、流動性充填材７の抜けた所へ空
気又は水が侵入する。このように、膨張・収縮によって
圧力伝達室６内の流動性充填材７は抜けるが、水より重
い比重の流動性充填材であるために、第１図に示すＡ部
ラインより下へは空気又は水が侵入しない。即ちＡ部よ
り下には常に電気的絶縁性を有する流動性充填材７（た
とえばフッソオイル）が残ることになる。Now, when the fluid filler 7 expands due to the heating of the bath water and the operation of the circulation pump, the fluid filler 7 made of fluorine oil is more likely to be used than the resin element support 5 and the resin lid 9.
Since the amount of expansion is large, the flowable filler will flow out by the amount of expansion. Furthermore, when the bath water is cooled and the operation of the circulation pump is stopped, air or water enters the place where the fluid filler 7 has escaped. In this way, the fluid filler 7 in the pressure transmission chamber 6 escapes due to expansion and contraction, but since it is a fluid filler having a specific gravity heavier than water, air flows below the line A shown in FIG. Or water does not enter. That is, the fluid filler 7 (for example, fluorine oil) having electrical insulation always remains below the portion A.
一方、第３図は圧力センサ３の拡大主要部断面であ
り、18はピアゾ素子からなるシリコンウェーハーであ
り、歪を抵抗の変化に変換した後、回路11で温度特性や
圧力特性が補正され、圧力と出力（Ｖ）は直線性を有す
るようになっている。19はパイレックス等からなる電気
的絶縁体であり、ピアゾ素子からなるシリコンウェーハ
ー18は電気的絶縁体19を介して、圧力導入口４とは電気
的に絶縁され、且つ電圧と圧力をかけてシール性を確保
している。ここで、ピアゾ素子からなるシリコンウェー
ハー18が電気的絶縁体19を介していると、ピアゾ素子18
の表面まで水が侵入しないかぎり、電気的には絶縁性が
確保される。一般にガスを燃焼させる燃焼機器は、燃焼
検出回路にフレームロッド回路を有するものが多いが、
この燃焼検出回路は本体にアースされていることが多
く、このフレームロッド回路にたとえば200Vが印加され
ていても、圧力センサ回路11へ回路が圧力センサ３を介
して形成されると、燃焼検出回路が不安定となり、時に
は失火に至る誤動作を生じることがある。このような現
象は、ピアゾ素子18と圧力導入口４が電気的に導通して
いる構成では、圧力導入口４とパイプ１に導通からみら
れる時には、誤動作が生じることになる。一方、本発明
の如く、圧力導入口４とピアゾ素子18が電気的に絶縁さ
れていると、圧力導入口４そのものが電気的絶縁性を有
する流動性充填材に常に覆われる構成となっているので
誤動作は生じない。又、本実施例に使用しているフッソ
オイルは、揆水性があり、湯垢やゴミ等が直管部14や圧
力伝達室６内に入りにくい効果も有する。又、水より重
いフッソオイルを使用すると、フッソオイルと水とは置
換がしにくい。即ち、ビーカーに水とフッソオイルを入
れて混合撹拌しても、分離性が良く水がフッソオイルに
溶け込むことはなく、水より重いフッソオイルがビーカ
ー下部に沈澱している特長があるので、本発明の構成に
おいては、さらに置換しにくい。On the other hand, FIG. 3 is an enlarged main section of the pressure sensor 3, and 18 is a silicon wafer composed of a piezo element. After converting strain into change in resistance, temperature characteristics and pressure characteristics are corrected by the circuit 11, The pressure and the output (V) have a linearity. 19 is an electrical insulator made of Pyrex or the like, and the silicon wafer 18 made of a piezo element is electrically insulated from the pressure inlet 4 via the electrical insulator 19, and is sealed by applying voltage and pressure. It secures sex. Here, when the silicon wafer 18 made of a piezo element is interposed with an electrical insulator 19, the piezo element 18
As long as water does not penetrate to the surface of the, electrical insulation is secured. Generally, many combustion devices that burn gas have a flame rod circuit in the combustion detection circuit,
This combustion detection circuit is often grounded to the main body, and even if 200 V is applied to this frame rod circuit, if the circuit is formed to the pressure sensor circuit 11 via the pressure sensor 3, the combustion detection circuit May become unstable, and sometimes malfunctions that lead to misfire may occur. In a configuration in which the piezo element 18 and the pressure introducing port 4 are electrically connected to each other, such a phenomenon causes a malfunction when the pressure introducing port 4 and the pipe 1 are seen to be electrically connected. On the other hand, when the pressure introduction port 4 and the Piazo element 18 are electrically insulated as in the present invention, the pressure introduction port 4 itself is always covered with a fluid filler having electrical insulation. Therefore, no malfunction occurs. Further, the fluorine oil used in this embodiment is water repellent and has an effect that it is difficult for the scale and dust to enter the straight pipe portion 14 and the pressure transmission chamber 6. Also, when using a fluorine oil that is heavier than water, it is difficult to replace the fluorine oil with water. That is, even if water and fluorine oil are put into a beaker and mixed and stirred, the separability is good and the water does not dissolve in the fluorine oil, and there is a characteristic that fluorine oil heavier than water is precipitated in the lower portion of the beaker, so that the constitution of the present invention In, it is more difficult to replace.
勿論、フッソオイルは電気的に絶縁されており、且つ
低温でも凍結しないので、圧力センサの破壊を防止で
き、圧力導入口が電気的に絶縁されている分だけイオン
化傾向による腐蝕を防止できる。なお、24はＯリングで
あり、センサ取付台２と樹脂製素子支持体５をシールし
ている。Of course, since the fluorine oil is electrically insulated and does not freeze even at a low temperature, it is possible to prevent the pressure sensor from being broken, and the corrosion due to the ionization tendency can be prevented as much as the pressure inlet is electrically insulated. Reference numeral 24 is an O-ring, which seals the sensor mount 2 and the resin element support 5.
発明の効果 以上のように、本発明は圧力導入口を有する圧力検出
素子と、この圧力検出素子を取付け、且つ前記圧力導入
口を開口させた圧力伝達室壁を有する樹脂製素子支持体
と、一端を開放した直管部を上部方向に偏心させて有す
る樹脂製蓋よりなり、前記圧力導入口に対し上方に前記
直管部が位置するように樹脂製蓋を樹脂製素子支持体に
溶着して圧力伝達室を形成し、この圧力伝達室に、水の
比重より重い流動性充填材を注入しているので以下の効
果を有する。Effects of the Invention As described above, the present invention is a pressure detecting element having a pressure introducing port, a resin element supporting body having a pressure transmitting chamber wall in which the pressure detecting element is attached and the pressure introducing port is opened, It is composed of a resin lid having a straight tube portion with one end opened eccentrically in the upper direction, and the resin lid is welded to the resin element support so that the straight tube portion is located above the pressure introducing port. Since the pressure transmission chamber is formed by injecting the fluid filler that is heavier than the specific gravity of water into the pressure transmission chamber, the following effects are obtained.
（１） 直管部が圧力導入口の上方に偏心して設けてあ
るので、圧力変動や圧力変化があっても、流動性充填材
はＡ部以下に抜けることがなく、常に安定した圧力セン
サとして使用できる。(1) Since the straight pipe part is provided eccentrically above the pressure inlet, even if there is a pressure fluctuation or pressure change, the fluid filler does not escape below part A, and as a stable pressure sensor Can be used.
（２） 湯垢やゴミが付着しにくく、圧力伝達を妨害す
ることがない。(2) It is difficult for scale and dust to adhere, and pressure transmission is not hindered.
（３） 低温での凍結がなく、圧力センサが破壊しな
い。(3) There is no freezing at low temperature and the pressure sensor does not break.
第１図は本発明の一実施例における圧力センサの構成
図、第２図は同センサの溶着部拡大断面図、第３図は同
圧力センサの拡大主要部断面図、第４図は従来の圧力セ
ンサの構成図、第５図は従来の圧力センサの溶着部拡大
断面図である。 ３……圧力検出素子、４……圧力導入口、５……樹脂製
素子支持体、６……圧力伝達室、７……流動性充填材、
８……圧力伝達室壁、９……樹脂製蓋、14……直管部。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a pressure sensor in an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a welded portion of the sensor, FIG. 3 is an enlarged main portion sectional view of the pressure sensor, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a pressure sensor, and FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of a welded portion of a conventional pressure sensor. 3 ... pressure detecting element, 4 ... pressure inlet, 5 ... resin element support, 6 ... pressure transmission chamber, 7 ... fluid filler,
8 ... Pressure transmission chamber wall, 9 ... Resin lid, 14 ... Straight pipe section.
Claims (1)
圧力検出素子を取付け、且つ前記圧力導入口を開口させ
た圧力伝達壁を有する樹脂製素子支持体と、この樹脂製
素子支持体に溶着して圧力伝達室を形成し、且つこの圧
力伝達室に連通して一端を開放した直管部を前記圧力導
入口に対し上方に設けた樹脂製蓋と、前記圧力伝達室に
注入した水の比重より重い流動性充填材とを備えた圧力
センサ。1. A pressure detecting element having a pressure introducing port, a resin element supporting body having the pressure transmitting element having the pressure detecting element attached and having the pressure introducing port opened, and the resin element supporting body. A pressure-transfer chamber is formed by welding, and a straight pipe part, which communicates with the pressure-transfer chamber and has one end opened, is provided above the pressure inlet with a resin lid, and water injected into the pressure-transfer chamber. A pressure sensor having a flowable filler that is heavier than the specific gravity of.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63241340A JPH0827205B2 (en) | 1988-09-27 | 1988-09-27 | Pressure sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63241340A JPH0827205B2 (en) | 1988-09-27 | 1988-09-27 | Pressure sensor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0288923A JPH0288923A (en) | 1990-03-29 |
| JPH0827205B2 true JPH0827205B2 (en) | 1996-03-21 |
Family
ID=17072848
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63241340A Expired - Fee Related JPH0827205B2 (en) | 1988-09-27 | 1988-09-27 | Pressure sensor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0827205B2 (en) |
-
1988
- 1988-09-27 JP JP63241340A patent/JPH0827205B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0288923A (en) | 1990-03-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |