JPH08533B2 - Vehicle ventilation method and device - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of ventilating a vehicle and
Regarding the ventilation system , especially the ventilation method suitable for high-speed trains .
And its ventilation system .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A railroad vehicle is generally provided with an air supply fan that takes in fresh air outside the vehicle into the vehicle, an exhaust fan that exhausts polluted air inside the vehicle to the outside, and an air supply fan and an exhaust fan. And ventilated by exhaust ducts. When a vehicle travels in a tunnel, the pressure outside the vehicle fluctuates greatly, and its magnitude fluctuates almost in proportion to the square of the train speed if the cross-sectional areas of the train and tunnel are the same, and When they pass each other, they fluctuate most. Therefore, in recent years, operation using conventional tracks at speeds exceeding 250 km / h, 300
In the development of high-speed trains such as high-speed bullet trains that exceed km / h, the following problems related to the above-mentioned pressure fluctuation occur.

That is, when the outside pressure exceeds the top pressure of the blower used in the ventilation system, forced backflow of air through the ventilation exhaust duct or a large amount of air flow through the air supply duct. Inhalation occurs, resulting in
A sudden change in pressure occurs in the vehicle, which gives passengers an unpleasant sensation to the ears due to atmospheric pressure fluctuations (hereinafter, referred to as ear ears). Therefore, in order to prevent passengers from hearing loss, either use a blower that has a pressure characteristic that is equal to or greater than the maximum outside pressure fluctuation that acts during driving, or use a pressure relief mechanism that suppresses the propagation of outside pressure to the inside of the vehicle. It is necessary to provide. However, since the former method leads to an increase in the size of the ventilation device, it is common to take measures by the latter method.

Conventionally, as a ventilation device with a pressure relief mechanism used for a railway vehicle traveling at high speed, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-22 has been disclosed.
No. 7850, the pressure inside the vehicle is detected by a pressure sensor, and the throttle valves provided in both the air supply and exhaust ducts are controlled according to the detection result. As described in Kaihei 1-119470, by projecting two flexible plates that face each other across the duct, and by deforming the two flexible plates due to the differential pressure,
A method is known in which the flow passage area between the plates is reduced to reduce the pressure inside the vehicle.

[0005]

In the above prior art, the former requires a controller having a central processing unit or the like in order to control the throttle valve according to the pressure sensor and the pressure detection result, and simplifies the control system. , The reliability is not fully considered. Although the latter structure using a flexible plate is mechanically simple, it requires a large space because it utilizes the free motion of the plate, and it is provided to allow the free motion. It is not sufficient in terms of space saving and capacity accompanying increase in pressure fluctuation, such as the fact that the passage cannot be completely closed due to the gap.

A first object of the present invention is to prevent pressure fluctuations outside the vehicle.
It is easy to control the transmission to the inside of the car and provide proper ventilation.
Is to be able to do it.

A second object of the present invention is to fluctuate the pressure outside the vehicle.
To easily suppress pressure fluctuations in the vehicle according to
At the same time, it is to be able to perform appropriate ventilation.

A third object of the present invention is to fluctuate the pressure outside the vehicle.
Is to be able to be easily detected.

A fourth object of the present invention is to provide a small ventilation device.
To provide.

[0010]

The first object is to provide a vehicle.
The exhaust duct that blows air from the inside to the outside of the tunnel
Closed at the inner, open from closed after a predetermined time, the plants
Close this for a fixed time and then open it as one cycle
It is repeated a plurality of times within one tunnel, depending on the
Can be achieved.

The second purpose is from the inside of the vehicle to the outside.
Exhaust duct that blows air and exhaust that closes the exhaust duct
Shut-off device and air supply from the outside to the inside of the vehicle
A duct and an air supply shutoff device for closing the air supply duct;
Rannahli, during the positive pressure of the external pressure is higher than a predetermined vehicle Contact
And close the air supply shutoff device for a predetermined time after closing.
It will be opened later, and when the pressure outside the vehicle is negative pressure above a certain level.
At the specified time after closing the exhaust cutoff device.
Open after a period of time, and the closing-the opening after the predetermined time.
This is a negative cycle in one tunnel
Achieved by repeating multiple times during the pressure period
it can.

[0012] The third purpose is to open and close the exhaust duct.
Installed so as to cross the deadline device and the inside of the exhaust duct
A plate and a tip of the plate on the downstream side of the air flow in the exhaust duct.
A detector that operates when the end side moves, and the detector
A driver's hand that closes the deadline device by the action of the intellectual device.
And the shutoff device after a predetermined time from the operation of the detector.
And a predetermined time of the time measuring means
Is detected during the period of negative pressure in one tunnel.
The shut-off device is closed by a container and after a predetermined time
Open this, this is one cycle and this is one tunnel
Can be repeated multiple times during the negative pressure period
It can be achieved by having a good time.

The fourth purpose is to install in a ventilation duct.
A fixed type cut-off plate with a plurality of holes.
And linearly moving parallel to the surface of the fixed shutoff plate.
It consists of a plate-shaped movable cut-off plate with multiple holes.
Achieved by moving the movable shut-off plate in a straight line
it can.

[0014]

According to the means for the first object, the duct is
The pressure inside the vehicle is reduced because it is closed and opened repeatedly.
It can be set to a value that does not cause problems, and appropriate ventilation is performed.
It is something you can do.

According to the means for the second object, the salary is
The pressure outside the vehicle is maintained at a specified level while
During the above positive pressure period, the air supply shutoff device is closed and closed.
After a certain period of time after opening, it opens while the pressure outside the vehicle
Close the exhaust cut-off device during periods of negative pressure above a certain level.
Then, it is opened a predetermined time after closing. For this reason, a positive pressure field
If the ventilation duct is continuously ventilated,
After between ventilation can have you in the air supply duct is performed. others
As a result, it is possible to suppress pressure fluctuations inside the vehicle and perform ventilation.
Of. In the case of negative pressure, it works in reverse. Negative for negative pressure
Although the pressure period is long, it will be closed and opened repeatedly,
Ventilation is possible while the internal pressure can be adjusted to a value that does not cause a problem.
Is something that can be done.

According to the means for the third object,
The pressure fluctuation is detected by the plate in the air duct and the detector.
Therefore, the configuration can be simplified. This device
If installed in the air supply duct and exhaust duct respectively,
The direction of the pressure outside the vehicle (positive pressure or negative pressure) and the amount of air
Air supply duct that can be detected and must be cut off, or exhaust duct
You can close the deadline.

According to the means for the fourth object,
Move the movable cut-off plate linearly parallel to the surface of the standard cut-off plate.
Since the deadline, for example, move the movable shutoff plate in the direction of air flow.
It can reduce the volume compared to moving
is there. Also, since the movement is linear, it can be easily driven.
It is possible.

The linear operation solenoid 5 is a bracket 5b
It is fixed in the duct by being fixed to the fixed shutoff plate 7 via. The movable shaft 5a of the solenoid 5 is fixed to the protruding one end portion of the movable shutoff plate 6 so as to drive the movable shutoff plate 6 to a closed state when the solenoid 5 operates. A return spring 8 is provided between the opposite side of the duct and the other end of the movable shut-off plate 6 for returning the movable shut-off plate 6 to the open state when the solenoid 5 does not operate. It is a thing.

FIG. 3 shows an outline of basic operating conditions of the pressure relief device 1. The medium-pressure AC power supplied to the motors of the blowers 50 and 52 is lowered to a predetermined voltage of the solenoid 5 by the transformer 9 and sent to the limit switch 4 via the control panel 10. The leaf spring 2 bends in accordance with the amount of air flowing through the ventilation duct, and as shown in FIG. 3, after the deflection of a preset amount, the rear surface of the leaf spring 2 causes the linear solenoid 5 to move. The limit switch 4 to be operated is operated. The movable shut-off plate 6 is driven immediately thereafter to close the shut-off device. The operation is extremely fast, since only a very small stroke S is required.

A curve P in FIG. 7 shows the displacement characteristic with respect to the flow rate of the air flowing through the ventilation duct of the leaf spring 2. Q represents the rated flow rate of the ventilation system, and R represents the excess flow rate at which the ventilation blower should be shut off in order to avoid pressure changes in the vehicle that cause the "earing" phenomenon.
R can be empirically examined and determined. FIG. 8 shows how either a very large pressure change or a very fast pressure change can cause deafness. The X area is an endurable area and the Y area is an uncomfortable area, but the line between them represents the onset of deafness. In this way, the displacement of the leaf spring corresponding to the shutoff air amount value R can be determined from FIG. 7, and the position of the limit switch 4 can be set accordingly. Of course, fix the limit switch, instead of the leaf spring 2
It is also possible to select the spring characteristics of.

FIG. 9 is a more detailed electrical system diagram of ventilation control. Both circuits for controlling the air supply blower and the exhaust air blower are the same. Electricity is collected from the overhead line cable at 25 kV AC using the pantograph 20 via the vacuum circuit breaker 21. The main transformer 22 reduces the voltage to AC440V, and the motors 26 and 31 for both the air supply and exhaust fans.
Is now getting electricity. A circuit breaker 23 (for wiring), an electromagnetic contactor 24 and a thermal relay 25, which serve as an overcurrent protection device, are connected to the motor. A capacitor 27 is provided for starting the three-phase motor.

The electric power of the linear solenoid 5 is supplied to the electromagnetic contactor 2.
4 is taken from the output side. The solenoid 5 is further provided with another thermal relay 29 for the purpose of detecting a failure, and the thermal relay 29 is installed so as to open the main electromagnetic contactor 24 when a failure is detected. There is. Sanawa
The thermal relay 29 is a thermal relay 25, an electromagnetic contactor 24.
Are installed in series. Accordingly, when the solenoid 5 fails, the power supply to the solenoid 5 and the electric blowers 50 or 52 arranged in the same system is cut off, and therefore the blower 50 or 52 does not operate. be recognized, Ru can Rukoto stemmed <br/> minimize damage of the solenoid 5. Further, by providing a monitor device for monitoring the failure of the solenoid 5 on the vehicle, it is possible to take an early countermeasure against the failure. Furthermore, since it has the system of the blower and the leaf spring 2 and the limit switches 4 and solenoid 5, when there is a problem with these, can contain the problem only in one of the conversion KiSo location Therefore, it does not affect other control devices in other passenger cars.

[0023] FIG. 9 limit switch 4, which shows the relationship between the squirrel Ru electromagnetic contactor 28 is stopped or is operated solenoid 5. These circuits further include a timer 30 which keeps the solenoid 5 energized for a preset time even if the limit switch 4 does not come into contact with the limit switch 4 after it is once operated. The set time T of this timer 30
₁ is usually at least 5 seconds, but a preferred value is 10 to 25 seconds, and most likely 15
Seconds to 20 seconds.

[0024] will now be described in an example of the operation of the conversion KiSo location 1. First, the pressure outside the passenger car is much higher than that inside
In the case it went up as far as the pressure (positive pressure) includes a sheet
The air flow rate through the air blower 50 increases and the air flow rate through the exhaust air blower 52 decreases. Here, the airflow passing through the rapidly rising air supply portion bends the leaf spring 2 toward the limit switch 4 and immediately closes the shutoff plate 6. Thereafter, the supply air flow rate drops to zero, and the leaf spring 2 returns to its rest state while opening the limit switch 4. However, the timer 30 of the air supply system keeps the shutoff device closed during the set time T ₁ . This time is relatively not short.
Therefore, the suspension of ventilation during this period does not last long enough to cause insufficient ventilation. Here, by immediately shutting off the air supply passage, it is possible to prevent high pressure fluctuations from propagating into the vehicle, and thus to prevent deafness to passengers. At this time, supply a small amount of air as described above.
In addition, since the exhaust is continuously performed in a small amount,
Ventilation can be continued.

On the other hand, is the pressure on the outside of the passenger car greater than that on the inside?
Becomes low pressure (in this case, negative pressure)
The air flow through the blower 50 for air supply
The volume decreases and the flow rate of air through the exhaust blower 52 increases.
Ascend. Therefore, the air flow from the exhaust section to the air supply section is limited.
Bend the leaf spring 2 toward the switch 4 and immediately
Close the plate 6. After that, the supply air flow rate drops to zero and
2 is opening the limit switch 4 and is in its rest state.
Return with. However, the exhaust system timer 30 is set
The deadline is kept closed during T ₁ . This time
The period is relatively short. Therefore, ventilation pauses during this period should be replaced.
It will not last long enough to cause a lack of capacity. here
High pressure fluctuation by immediately shutting off the air supply passage
Will be prevented from being transmitted to the passengers, and
It will prevent ear loss. At this time, the exhaust gas is as described above.
The amount of air supplied is small, and the air supply is small but continuous.
That can be ventilated continuously
It is.

In this way, the air supply duct and the exhaust duct are covered.
If only the duct with an excessive flow rate is detected,
Since it is closed, it is necessary to suppress pressure fluctuations in the vehicle and to ventilate.
Is what you can do.

[0027] Such conversion KiSo location is effect is obtained even if only one group, for example the air supply unit, by having such a device in the exhaust air and supply air, an even greater effect can be obtained .

When the leaf spring 2 is located on the downstream side of the cutoff plates 6 and 7.
If the leaf spring 6 passes through the holes 16 and 17 of the shut-off plates 6 and 7,
The leaf spring 2 easily vibrates under the influence of the turbulence of the air.
Therefore, the reliability of detection decreases. However, in this example
Since the leaf spring 2 is on the upstream side of the shut-off plates 6 and 7,
It is possible to detect an excessively high flow rate accurately.

A limit switch for detecting the operation of the leaf spring 2.
The chi 4 and the solenoid 5 are installed in the duct .
So, it is only that wire that goes out of the duct.
This makes it easy to seal the door.

The holes 16 and 17 of the shutoff plates 6 and 7 are oblong holes.
It The slotted hole opens larger than the round hole within the same dimension.
Those that can take mouth area and reduce ventilation resistance
It is.

Next, as an example of the effect of relaxing the vehicle interior pressure according to the present invention, the vehicle interior pressure change when the vehicle exterior pressure changes will be described with reference to FIG. Shown is very high speed, eg 300km
It is a typical pressure change outside the train that occurs in the leading car of the train passing through the tunnel at / h. The upper part of FIG. 10 shows changes in the vehicle exterior pressure and changes in the vehicle interior pressure of a vehicle having the ventilation device of the present invention calculated by simulation. External pressure begins to rise with the start of entry into the tunnel
And, approximately in of a greater extent than some of the 15 seconds time +
Rises to a high value of 300 mmH ₂ O, then -500
It drops sharply to a high value of mmH ₂ O. After that,
Gradually return to normal level. The middle part and the lower part of FIG. 10 illustrate the responses of the air supply fan air volume and the exhaust fan air volume, respectively. As the initial external pressure rise occurs,
The supply flow rate rises rapidly and reaches a threshold value (predetermined value) of 35 m ³ / min within a few seconds. This makes the air supply board
Spring 2 is bent to the downstream side, close <br/> the contact point of the limit switch 4, the air supply of the movable shut-off plate 6 that Ji quickly closed <br/> the air supply duct. At this stage, the exhaust duct is closed <br/> stomach since a positive pressure. Since the pressure is positive, it is possible to prevent an excessive decrease in pressure inside the vehicle due to a decrease in the flow rate of the blower 52 in the exhaust system . Regardless of the external pressure, the timer 30 of the air supply device then keeps the air supply duct closed for a time T ₁ (which in this case is set to approximately 15 seconds). Thereafter, the solenoid 5 is released, the return spring 8 of opening the shut-off device is operated deadlines plate 6, air supply is re-opened. At this time,
External pressure is not very extreme, thus resulting in the supply air flow rate is lower than the threshold T of those on slightly larger than the rated flow RF. Therefore, supply duct and exhaust
The air duct remains open. After that, the external pressure is sharp
Falls to negative pressure . For this reason, the flow rate of the air supply is reduced, and the leaf spring 2 for air supply does not operate the shutoff plate 6.

On the other hand, the external pressure becomes negative in this way.
As a result, the exhaust flow rate rapidly rises to the threshold value T , and the shutoff plate 6 of the exhaust duct is closed for the time T ₁ as described above . In this case, the closing time T ₁ of the exhaust cutoff plate 6
May be the same degree as the time T ₁ closing of the air supply. After 15 seconds, the solenoid 5 is stopped and the exhaust duct is opened again. However, the external pressure is still very low, and consequently the total flow rate through the exhaust is still above the threshold. Extremely quickly,
The leaf spring 2 strikes the limit switch 4 again and the exhaust duct is closed again after a short time T ₂ , for example 2 to 5 seconds, which corresponds to the time it takes for the leaf spring 2 to operate. After another 15 seconds, the shutoff plate 6 is opened again. this
Until the exhaust flow rate becomes lower than the threshold value T.
Then, "closing action of closing plate 6 for 15 seconds-opening" is repeated.
To be done. Then, when the shutoff plate 6 is opened, the air flow rate is
If it is lower than the threshold value T, the shutoff plate 6 cannot be closed again.
No, ventilation will continue as usual.

As a result, as shown in the upper part of FIG. 10, it can be seen that the pressure fluctuations inside the vehicle can be kept relatively low despite the fact that the pressure generated outside is extremely high and changes rapidly. The pressure inside the vehicle is kept within the area "X" in FIG. 8, so that passengers do not feel uncomfortable.

According to this structure, the leaf spring 2 and the limit
The combination of the switch 4, the shut-off devices 6 and 7, and the timer 30 makes it possible to perform arithmetic processing of the pressure sensor in the prior art and a circuit for continuously monitoring the reading, and a control device for comparing the reading with a reference threshold value. Can be omitted. Further, in the prior art, a special low-voltage DC power supply is required to operate the sensor and the control device. Instead, a limit switch 4 and a leaf spring 2 are assembled.
Since they are used in combination, the leaf spring 2 serves as a continuous sensor having a reference value. this
Therefore, the configuration can be simplified. The leaf spring 2 has the advantage that it is strong and, unlike known sensing circuits, is less susceptible to electrical noise and interference from the like.

Next, a second embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the figure, the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment denote the same members. The difference of this embodiment from the first embodiment is that a rigid plate 2x is attached to a pivot 61 attached to the duct side, which is connected to a support 62 fixed to the upstream duct of the plate 2x. It moves against the restoring force of the tension spring 60. A special stopper member 3x is required on the upstream side in order to keep the plate 2x perpendicular to the spring force at the rated flow rate.

According to this structure, the tension spring 6
The characteristics of the shutoff device can be easily changed only by changing the performance of 0 or the size of the plate 2x. This allows ventilation under optimal conditions.

[0037]

As described above, according to the present invention, the vehicle
The one that can suppress the propagation of the pressure fluctuation outside the vehicle to the inside of the vehicle at the time of high speed traveling of both , and can perform the ventilation appropriately.
Is .

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cutaway perspective view showing an embodiment of a ventilation device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a vehicle showing a ventilation system of a first embodiment of a ventilation device according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 1;

5 is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a lower part of the intermediate portion of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the displacement of the leaf spring and the flow rate through the device.

FIG. 8 is an allowable limit diagram of earlobe.

FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a control system in an embodiment of the ventilation device according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a graph showing typical pressure fluctuations and ventilation parameters when passing through a tunnel for a head car of a train provided with an embodiment of a ventilation device according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view corresponding to FIG. 3 showing a second embodiment of the ventilation device according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

2 ... Leaf spring, 4 ... Limit switch, 5 ... Linear motion type solenoid, 6 ... Movable cutoff plate, 7 ... Fixed cutoff plate, 8 ...
Return spring, 30 ... Timer.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Masakazu Matsumoto 794 Azuma Higashitoyo, Kudamatsu City, Yamaguchi Prefecture Stock company Hitachi Kasado Plant (72) Inventor Atsushi Ikio 794 Higashitoyo Higamatsu, Yamaguchi Prefecture Stock company Hitachi Ltd. Kasado factory (56) References JP 62-227852 (JP, A) JP 1-1119470 (JP, A) Fukui 1-142365 (JP, U)

Claims (21)

[Claims] 1. An exhaust duct, which blows air from the inside to the outside of a vehicle, is closed in the tunnel, opened a predetermined time after closing, closed for the predetermined time, and then opened as one cycle to form one tunnel. The method of ventilating a vehicle is characterized in that it is repeated multiple times in the vehicle. 2. The method for ventilating a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the closing operation is performed when a flow rate in the ventilation duct becomes a predetermined value or more. 3. The method for ventilating a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the time from the opening after the predetermined time to the opening next is shorter than the predetermined time. 4. An exhaust duct that blows air from the inside of the vehicle to the outside, an exhaust cutoff device that closes the exhaust duct, an air supply duct that blows air from the outside to the inside of the vehicle, and the air supply duct. A shutoff device for air supply that is closed, and when the pressure outside the vehicle is a positive pressure above a predetermined level, the shutoff device for air supply is closed and opened a predetermined time after closing, and the pressure outside the vehicle is set to a predetermined value. In the above negative pressure period, the exhaust cutoff device is closed, opened after a predetermined time after closing, and the closing-the opening after the predetermined time is defined as one cycle, and this is the negative pressure period in one tunnel. Ventilation method for vehicles, characterized in that it is repeated multiple times in. 5. A shutoff device for opening and closing an exhaust duct, a plate installed so as to cross the inside of the exhaust duct, and a detection device operated by moving a front end side of the plate to a downstream side of an air flow in the exhaust duct. And a driving means for closing the shutoff device by the operation of the detector, a timing means for opening the shutoff device a predetermined time after the operation of the detector, and the predetermined time of the timing means is 1 In the period of negative pressure in one tunnel, the shut-off device is closed by the detector and opened a predetermined time after closing, and this is defined as one cycle, and this is repeated multiple times in the period of negative pressure in one tunnel. Ventilation system for vehicles, characterized in that it is a possible time. 6. The vehicle ventilation system according to claim 5, wherein the predetermined time is set longer than the open time between one cycle and the next cycle. Ventilation system for vehicles. 7. A plate-shaped fixed shutoff plate having a plurality of holes, which is installed in a ventilation duct for air supply or exhaust and opens and closes the ventilation duct, and a surface of the fixed shutoff plate. A linear movement in parallel, a shutoff device comprising a plate-shaped movable shutoff plate having a plurality of holes, a detection means for detecting an air flow rate in the ventilation duct, and an operation of the detection means. A vehicle ventilation device comprising: a driving unit that linearly moves the movable shutoff plate to close the shutoff device; and a timing unit that opens the shutoff device after a predetermined time has passed from the operation of the detection unit. 8. The vehicle ventilator according to claim 7, wherein the drive means is installed in the ventilation duct. 9. The vehicle ventilation device according to claim 8, wherein the drive means includes a linear solenoid that moves the movable shutoff plate to one side and a return spring that moves the movable shutoff plate to the other side. Ventilation system for vehicles. 10. The ventilator for a vehicle according to claim 8, wherein each of the holes of the fixed shutoff plate and the movable shutoff plate is long in a direction perpendicular to a moving direction of the movable shutoff plate. A ventilation device for a vehicle, which is a hole. 11. The vehicle ventilator according to claim 7, wherein the detecting means is a plate installed so as to cross the inside of the exhaust duct, and the tip of the plate is located downstream of the air flow in the exhaust duct. A ventilation device for a vehicle, comprising: a detector that operates when the side moves. 12. The vehicle ventilator according to claim 11, wherein the plate is installed upstream of the deadline device. 13. The vehicle ventilator according to claim 12, wherein the detector is installed in the exhaust duct. 14. The vehicle ventilator according to claim 13, wherein the plate is a leaf spring. 15. The vehicle ventilation system according to claim 11, wherein the detector is a limit switch, the limit switch is installed on a downstream side of the plate, and the limit switch is moved by moving the plate. A ventilator for a vehicle, comprising a stopper that comes into contact with the plate after being activated. 16. The vehicular ventilation device according to claim 11, wherein the plate is installed in the exhaust duct so as to be rotatable in the direction of the air flow, and the plate is disposed in a direction of flow of the air flow. A vehicular ventilation device having a spring that biases the upstream side. 17. A plate-shaped fixed cutoff plate provided in a ventilation duct for air supply or exhaust and having a plurality of holes, and a straight line parallel to the surface of the fixed cutoff plate provided in the ventilation duct. A movable movable cut-off plate having a plurality of holes, a linear solenoid installed in the ventilation duct to move the movable cut-off plate linearly to one side, and to the other. A vehicle ventilation system consisting of a return spring. 18. The vehicular ventilation device according to claim 17, wherein each of the holes of the fixed shutoff plate and the movable shutoff plate is long in a direction perpendicular to a moving direction of the movable shutoff plate. A ventilation device for a vehicle, which is a hole. 19. An air supply duct for guiding air from the outside to the inside of a vehicle, an air supply blower for blowing air to the air supply duct, and a plurality of holes installed in the air supply duct. A plate-shaped fixed supply cutoff plate for air supply, and a plate-shaped movable supply cutoff plate which has a plurality of holes and which linearly moves in parallel to the surface of the fixed supply cutoff plate for air supply. When the flow rate of the air flowing through the air supply duct is equal to or more than a predetermined value, the air supply detection means, and the air supply movable shutoff plate is closed by the detection by the air supply detection means for a predetermined time. An air supply drive means for later opening the movable air supply shutoff plate, an exhaust duct for discharging air from the inside of the vehicle to the outside, an exhaust blower for blowing air to the exhaust duct, A plate-shaped fixed exhaust cutoff plate installed in the exhaust duct and having multiple holes And a plate-shaped exhaust type movable shut-off plate having a plurality of holes, which moves linearly parallel to the surface of the exhaust type fixed shut-off plate, and an air flow rate flowing through the exhaust duct is a predetermined value or more. In that case, an exhaust detection means for detecting it, and an exhaust drive means for closing the exhaust movable shut-off plate by the detection by the exhaust detection means and opening the exhaust movable shut-off plate after a predetermined time. And a vehicle having. 20. The vehicle according to claim 19, wherein each of the driving means has a clocking means for performing the opening operation after a predetermined time has passed after the respective movable shutoff plates are closed. Vehicle characterized by. 21. The vehicle according to claim 19, wherein each of the driving means is a linear solenoid, and a thermal relay for detecting a failure of the linear solenoid and a thermal relay for detecting a failure of the blower are provided. A vehicle comprising: each of the thermal relays provided in series with an electromagnetic contactor for turning on the power of the blower.