JPH086555B2 - Deformed section shield method and shield machine - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a shield method and a shield machine capable of continuously excavating a tunnel having an irregular cross section other than a circular shape.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, various shield methods and shield machines used therefor have been proposed and used. By excavating the front of the shield machine in the propulsion direction by rotating the cutter placed in front of the shield machine around the center axis of the shield machine, the shield machine is propelled by the amount of excavation and the segment ring is added. It was made to be dug by.

In addition, various types of expansion shield methods and shield machines have been proposed for forming expanded diameter parts such as retreat parts and station parts in a part of a tunnel excavated by the shield method and the shield machine ( For example, JP-A-59-10
2090 gazette).

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

Since the conventional shield method and shield machine excavate by rotating the front cutter, the excavated cross section is limited to a circular shape, and is not intended to excavate a tunnel having an irregular cross section other than the circular shape. However, the cross-sectional shape required as a tunnel for sewers, power lines, subways, etc. is an irregular cross-sectional shape other than a circular shape, whereas conventionally, excavation of a large circular cross-section that includes this irregular cross-sectional shape is unavoidable. For this reason, an extra excavation work and an excavation shear processing work are required. In particular, the larger the cross section of a subway or the like, the greater the impact of the above-mentioned extra work on the tunnel construction cost, which is a constraint when applying the shield construction method.

To solve this problem, the above-mentioned expanded shield method and shield machine are constructed by excavating a tunnel with a normal diameter once to assemble a segment ring, then removing the segment ring of the target part and performing a special excavation work in the radial direction. Since the enlarged diameter portion is partially formed, it is not possible to continuously excavate a cross section of a desired shape other than a circular shape.

The present invention has been made to solve such a conventional problem, and provides a shield construction method and a shield machine capable of continuously excavating a tunnel having a modified cross-section other than a circular shape and a desired cross-sectional shape. It is intended to be provided.

[Means for solving the problem]

As a means for achieving the above object, the present invention excavates a central circular portion of the front surface in the propulsion direction by rotating the center cutter around a horizontal axis, and the side cutter disposed on the outer peripheral side of the center cutter rotates around the horizontal axis. The outer peripheral portion of the circular portion is excavated by revolving around the center cutter while revolving in the direction of, and sequentially propelled while excavating, and the rotary shaft of the side cutter is similar in shape to the planned excavation cross-sectional shape. This is a modified cross-section shield construction method in which the side cutter is revolved along the guide frame in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the center cutter while engaging with the guide frame.

The present invention also provides, as a shield machine for excavating a tunnel having an irregular cross section based on the above-mentioned shield construction method, a center cutter, a center cutter rotation driving means for driving the center cutter, and a circumference similar to the planned excavation cross sectional shape. A guide frame having a surface, a side cutter engaged with the peripheral surface of the guide frame, a side cutter rotation driving means for rotating the side cutter independently of the rotation of the center cutter, and a rotation of the side cutter. By applying a pressing force to the shaft toward the guide frame and forcibly maintaining the side cutter and the peripheral surface of the guide frame in the engaged state, the rotary shaft of the side cutter is moved to the peripheral surface of the guide frame. And an engagement maintaining means for restricting the side cutter to move along the outer peripheral side of the center cutter. Arranged so that the circle of rotation of the cutter overlaps with part of the circle of rotation of the center cutter, and the side cutter revolves around the center cutter along the peripheral surface of the guide frame while rotating. It was done.

[Action]

According to the shield construction method of the above configuration, the center circular portion of the face, which is the excavation front surface, is excavated by the center cutter that is driven to rotate, and the outer peripheral portion thereof revolves around the center cutter while rotating. It is excavated by a cutter. Moreover, since the side cutter is moved along the guide frame formed corresponding to the desired irregular cross-sectional shape, the peripheral edge of the outer peripheral portion excavated by the side cutter has an irregular cross-sectional shape similar to that of the guide frame. Becomes Further, since the side cutter is revolved in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the center cutter, the rotation reaction force of the center cutter and the rotation reaction force of the side cutter cancel each other out, which prevents rotation of the shield machine. Get off.

Further, in the above shield machine, the side cutter is provided with an engagement maintaining means for forcibly maintaining the peripheral surface of the guide frame in the engaged state, and the side cutter is independent of the rotation of the center cutter. Since the side cutter rotational drive means for rotationally driving is provided, the side cutter can be positively revolved in a desired direction along a desired revolution path regardless of the rotational reaction force received from the soil and the rotation direction of the center cutter. . Therefore, it is possible to freely revolve the side cutter in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the center cutter, as in the shield method.

〔Example〕

1, 2 and 3 show a shield machine for excavating a tunnel having a rectangular cross section. Figure 1,
2 and 3, the shield machine includes a shield machine body 1 whose outer peripheral surface is covered by a skin plate 11 having a rectangular cross-section, and a horizontal center axis X of the shield machine body 1. A center cutter 2 which is rotatably supported, a large rotary table 3 which is rotatably supported around the center axis (center cutter axis) X, and is arranged around the center cutter 2 and is parallel to the center cutter 2. It is basically composed of a pair of side cutters 4 which are rotatably supported around various axes, and a guide frame 5 which guides the rotation shaft 41 of the side cutters.

The center cutter 2 is integrally attached to the front end of the screw conveyor 21, and the center cutter electric motor (center cutter driving means) 22 is connected to the rear end of the screw conveyor 21. The drive of the electric motor 22 causes the center cutter 2 to rotate about the center cutter axis X, and the drive also drives the screw conveyor 21.
Is also rotated at the same time.

The screw conveyor 21 has its periphery shielded by a fixed cylinder 23 fixed to the shield machine main body 1 and a movable cylinder 24 to which the electric motor 22 is attached, and its rear end can be rotated by the movable cylinder 24. It is supported. The movable cylinder 24 and the fixed cylinder 23 are engaged with each other by splines 231 and 241 so as to be relatively movable in the center cutter axis X direction. Further, the tip ends of the screw conveyor 21 and the fixed cylinder 23 are engaged with each other by splines 211 and 232 so as to be relatively movable in the center cutter axis X direction.

The movable cylinder 24, the screw conveyor 21, and the center cutter 2 are moved to the normal position (the position shown by the solid line in FIG. 1) and the projecting position by the expansion / contraction operation of the cylinder 25 connected to the movable cylinder 24 and the shield machine main body 1. It is configured to be able to move forward and backward between (the position indicated by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 1).

Further, a hopper 233 that opens to the internal space 31 of the large rotary table 3 is provided on the upper surface of the distal end portion of the fixed cylinder 23, and
A discharge port 242 that opens above the belt conveyor 6 is provided on the lower surface of the rear end of the moving barrel 24, and the excavation shear taken into the large rotary table 3 by the driving of the screw conveyor 21 is discharged onto the belt conveyor 6. I am trying to do it.

The large rotary table 3 is rotatably supported about the center cutter axis X by the outer peripheral surface of the fixed cylinder 23 and the inner peripheral surface of the shield machine main body 1. The large rotary table 3 has a pair of small rotary tables 7 at the center. They are arranged symmetrically with respect to the cutter axis X. The small rotary table 7 is supported by the large rotary table 3 so as to be rotatable about an axis parallel to the center cutter axis X, and the side cutter rotary shaft 41 is located at the eccentric position of the small rotary table 7 as the center cutter axis X. It is rotatably supported around parallel axes.

The side cutter 4 is integrally attached to the tip of the side cutter rotating shaft 41, and the guide gear 42 and the roller 43 are attached to the rear end.
And are installed. A guide frame 5 formed in a rectangular shape similar to the outer peripheral surface of the shield machine main body 1 is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the shield machine main body 1, and a guide passage 51 is formed along the inner peripheral surface of the guide frame 5. While being formed, a large number of pin gears 52 are arranged. This pin gear
The side cutter rotation shaft 41 is arranged so that the guide gear 42 meshes with the guide gear 52 and the roller 43 contacts the guide passage 51.

The side cutter 4 and the guide frame 5 have respective sizes so that the outer peripheral edge 4a of the side cutter 4 is located at the outer peripheral edge 1a on the front surface of the shield machine in a state where the guide gear 42 meshes with the pin gear 52. The size of the side cutter 4 is set such that the circle of rotation of the side cutter 4 and the circle of rotation of the center cutter 2 partially overlap each other.

Further, a pair of support arms (engagement maintaining means) 8 is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the fixed cylinder 23 so as to be rotatable around the fixed cylinder 23.
The tip of the support arm 8 and the side cutter rotating shaft 41 are rotatably connected to each other. The support arm 8
Is composed of a pair of arms 81 and 82 rotatably connected to each other and an air cylinder 83 connected to the pair of arms 81 and 82, as shown in FIG. The side cutter rotary shaft 41 is configured to be pressed and biased toward the pin gear 52 side of the guide frame 5 by applying a force. As a result, the guide gear 42 is forcibly engaged with the pin gear 52 regardless of the position of the side cutter rotating shaft 41 on the guide frame 5.

On the other hand, on the rear surface of the large rotary table 3, a large number of pin gears 32 are arranged along the inner peripheral edge thereof, and these pin gears are rotatably supported by the shield machine main body 1.
It is meshed with one gear 331 of 33. The other gear 332 of the transmission shaft 33 is meshed with the output side gear 341 of the side cutter electric motor 34, and the rotational driving force of the electric motor 34 is transmitted via the transmission shaft 33 so that the large rotary table 3 is rotated by the center cutter shaft. Rotate around X. That is, the large rotary table 3, the transmission shaft 33, the electric motor 34 for the side cutter, and the like constitute side cutter driving means for revolving the side cutter 4 independently of the rotation of the center cutter 2.

In front of the large rotary table 3, there are multiple excavation intakes.
35 are arranged in a radial pattern, and a plurality of scraping plates (see FIG. 4) 36 are radially arranged in the internal space 31 of the large rotary table 3 so that the excavation shear can be introduced into the hopper 233. .

In FIG. 1, 91 is a shield jack, 92 is a slide jack, 93 is a segment, and 94 is an erector for segment assembly.

In the shield machine having the above structure, the driving force of the side cutter motor 34 is transmitted by the operation of the side cutter electric motor 34.
And is transmitted to the large rotary table 3 via the pin gear 32, and the large rotary table 3 rotates about the center cutter axis X (clockwise rotation in FIG. 3). Along with this, the small rotary table 7 and the side cutter rotary shaft 41 also rotate (that is, revolve) around the center cutter axis X together with the large rotary table 3.

At this time, since the guide gear 42 of the side cutter rotating shaft 41 meshes with the pin gear 52 of the guide frame 5 and the roller 43 is in contact with the guide passage 51, the small rotating table 7 rotates about the center cutter axis X. The side cutter rotating shaft 41 rotates in accordance with the above, and the side cutter 4 rotates accordingly. Further, since the side cutter rotary shaft 41 is provided at an eccentric position with respect to the small rotary table 7, the small rotary table 7 is also rotated around the side cutter rotary shaft 41 by the rotation of the large rotary table 3 (opposite of FIG. 2). Rotate clockwise). As a result, the change in the distance between the center cutter axis X and the guide frame 5 is absorbed.

At the time of the above rotation, the guide gear 42 is pressed against the pin gear 52 side of the guide frame 5 by the air cylinder 83 of the support arm 8 and the engagement state with the pin gear 52 is forcibly maintained. The guide frame 5 is surely rotated and moved along the inner peripheral surface of the guide frame 5, so that the orbital locus of the side cutter rotating shaft 41 can be formed along the inner peripheral surface of the guide frame 5.

The center cutter 2 is rotated in the opposite direction to the side cutter 4 by the rotational drive of the center cutter motor 22, so that the central circular portion (see FIG. 5) C of the face on the front face of the shield machine is excavated. At the same time, the side cutter 4 revolves around the guide frame 5 along the guide frame 5 while revolving around the center cutter 2, so that the side cutter 4 revolves around the circular portion C excavated by the center cutter 2 and the front face of the shield machine. The excavation is performed between the outer peripheral edge 1a and the square shape S of the tunnel cross section. Therefore, the front face of the shield machine can be continuously excavated with a square cross section, and a tunnel having a square cross section can be formed. This enables excavation corresponding to the required cross-sectional shape as a tunnel, and cost reduction can be achieved by omitting extra excavation.

When excavating, the intake on the front of the large rotary table 3
The excavation shear taken from 35 into the large rotary table 3 is thrown into the hopper 233 by the scraping plate 36, and this excavation shear is sent to the rear by the screw conveyor 21 and the discharge port.
It is discharged from 242 onto the belt conveyor 6. The side cutter 4 and the large rotary table 3, and the side cutter 4 and the center cutter 2 are used for taking in the excavated slide from the intake port 35.
By making the rotation speed and the rotation direction of the blades different from each other, the excavation shear is rubbed between the rear surface of the center cutter 2 and the front surface of the side cutter 4, and between the rear surface of the side cutter 4 and the blade 351 in front of the intake 35. Combined,
As a result, crushing of the excavation is performed. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a crushing device, and the crushing device can be omitted.

Further, in this shield machine, as shown in FIG. 5, the center cutter 2 and the side cutter 4 are rotationally driven so that the rotation directions thereof are different from each other. The forces cancel each other out, which prevents rotation of the shield machine.

Should rotation occur, the center cutter 2 is advanced to the projecting position (see the dashed line in Fig. 1) by contracting the cylinder 25 to bite into the natural surface of the face. By rotating the side cutter 4 with the cutter 2 as a fixed point, the shield machine may be rotated in the direction opposite to the rotation to correct it.

In this case, the correction work can be automated by detecting the pressure from the face received by the center cutter with a pressure sensor (not shown) and detecting the rotation angle of the shield machine body 1 with the position sensor.

In the above embodiment, the guide frame 5 is formed in a rectangular shape similar to the cross section for tunnel excavation of a rectangular cross section. However, for example, if the tunnel cross section to be excavated is oval, the guide frame is oval, and if it is a horseshoe, the guide frame is a guide. The frame may be formed in a horseshoe shape. In these cases, it is necessary to set the sizes of the cutter and the guide frame so that a part of the rotation locus circle of the side cutter always overlaps with the rotation locus circle of the center cutter.

Further, the present invention can be applied not only to a modified cross section but also to a tunnel excavation having a circular cross section by making the guide frame 5 circular. In this case, a conventional method of excavating a tunnel having a relatively large diameter with only one center cutter. In comparison with the above, the driving electric motor and the like can be made to have low torque and low horsepower, so that the equipment can be downsized.

Further, in the above embodiment, the support arm 8 utilizing the compression force of the air cylinder 83 is used as a means for maintaining the engagement between the guide gear 42 of the side cutter rotating shaft 41 and the pin gear 52 of the guide frame 5.
However, for example, if the guide frame 5 is formed into a double frame inside and outside, and the engagement maintaining means is configured to guide the guide gear 42 by a double pin gear having inner teeth and outer teeth. The support arm 8 can be omitted. Even in this case, the support arm 8 may be used together.

Further, in the above-mentioned embodiment, after excavating the tunnel, only the skin plate 11 and the like of the shield machine body 1 are left and the main device parts such as the large rotary table 3, the center cutter 2 and the side cutter 4 are pulled to the tunnel side. It may be configured to be collected on the ground by being removed and reused. As a result, the cost required for tunnel excavation can be dramatically reduced compared to the case where the shield machine is buried and discarded for each tunnel.

In order to achieve this effect, for example, a support wall 12 of the shield machine main body 1 that supports the large rotary table 3 and the fixed cylinder 23 of the center cutter axis X and a slide means for integrally moving the large rotary table 3 rearward are added. do it. Then, as shown in FIG. 3, the side cutter 4 is positioned at the corner portion of the square, the compression force of the support arm 8 to the air cylinder 83 is released, and only the small rotary table 7 is rotated to rotate the side cutter 4 by a large amount. The table 3 is moved inward from the outer peripheral edge. After that, the large rotary table 3 together with the center cutter 2, the side cutter 4, etc. may be pulled out by the slide means.

Further, in the above embodiment, the pair of side cutters 4 are arranged so as to be point-symmetrical to the center cutter axis X, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a single or three or more side cutters may be provided. In these cases, it is preferable that two or more side cutters are radially and uniformly arranged from the viewpoint of preventing rotation.

6 and 7 show another embodiment of the shield machine of the present invention. In FIGS. 6 and 7,
A pin gear 21a, which is integrally formed by two threads, is rotatably attached to the center cutter shaft body 20a, and a pair of support plates 22a is rotatably attached to the front and rear sides of the center cutter shaft body 20a.

The pair of transmission shafts 30a are supported by the support plate 22a in parallel with the center cutter shaft X while meshing with one of the pin gears 21a, and one end of a pair of coupling members 31a is rotatably attached to the transmission shaft 30a. The side cutter rotating shaft 41a is rotatably attached to the other end of the connecting member 31a.

A gear 301a is attached to one end of the transmission shaft 30a, and a pair of pin gears 302a is attached to an intermediate portion of the transmission shaft 30a. A pair of transmission gears 411a is attached to the side cutter rotation shaft 41a. 41a is connected to each other by a connecting member 31a so that the pin gear 302a and the transmission gear 411a mesh with each other.

The side cutter rotating shaft 41a has a pair of transmission gears 411a.
A guide gear 42a is attached to an intermediate position of the guide gear 42a, and the shield machine body 1 is attached with a guide frame 5a in which pin gears 52a are arranged along an inner peripheral surface having a rectangular cross section. The size of the guide gear 42a is set so as to mesh with the gear 52a.

A guide passage (engagement maintaining means) 51a having an outer peripheral surface similar to the guide frame 5a is provided in the shield machine main body 1.
And a roller 412a rotatably attached to the outer peripheral surface of the guide passage 51a and the end of the side cutter rotating shaft 41a.
Are arranged in contact with each other.

The output side gear 341a of the side cutter electric motor 34a is meshed with the other of the pin gears 21a of the center cutter shaft body 20a, and the driving force thereof is transmitted to the transmission shaft 30a through the two pin gears 21a by the rotational driving of the electric motor 34a. , This transmission shaft 30a
The rotational force is transmitted to the side cutter rotating shaft 41a via the pair of pin gears 302a and the pair of transmission gears 411a, and the side cutter is rotationally driven (rotated).

Further, as the side cutter rotating shaft 41a rotates, the guide gear 42a rotates along the pin gear 52a of the guide frame 5a, and the roller 412a is guided while moving in contact with the guide passage 51a. Moves (revolves) along the guide frame 5a around the center cutter axis X while drawing a rectangular locus similar to the guide frame 5a. This makes it possible to excavate a tunnel having a rectangular cross section.

〔The invention's effect〕

The shield construction method of the present invention excavates the central circular portion of the face, which is the front surface in the propulsion direction, by rotating the center cutter, and excavates the outer peripheral portion thereof while revolving around the center cutter while rotating a plurality of side cutters. In addition, since the rotation axis of the side cutter is moved along the guide frame formed corresponding to the desired modified cross-sectional shape, the side cutter makes the outer peripheral portion similar to the guide frame. It is possible to excavate a modified cross-section shape. As a result, it is possible to continuously excavate a tunnel having a desired sectional shape, not limited to a circular shape. Moreover, by revolving the side cutter in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the center cutter,
The rotation reaction force of the center cutter and the rotation reaction force of the side cutter are canceled out, so that the rotation of the shield machine can be prevented from occurring.

Further, in the shield machine of the present invention, the side cutter is provided with the engagement maintaining means for forcibly maintaining the peripheral surface of the guide frame in the engaged state while surely maintaining the desired revolution trajectory. Since the side cutter rotation drive means is driven to rotate independently of the rotation of the center cutter, the side cutter is desired independently of the rotation reaction force received from the soil and the rotation direction of the center cutter. Can be freely revolved in the direction of. Therefore,
For example, as in the shield construction method, there is an effect that the rotation of the shield machine itself can be prevented or corrected freely by positively revolving the side cutter in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the center cutter. .

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional explanatory view showing an embodiment of a shield machine of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view of FIG. 1, and FIG.
Fig. 4 is a partially omitted sectional view taken along the line III-III in Fig. 4, Fig. 4 is a partially omitted sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in Fig. 1, Fig. 5 is a front explanatory view of the shield machine, and Fig. 6 is a shield Explanatory view showing the main part of another embodiment of the machine, FIG. 7 is a VII-VII of FIG.
It is a line section explanatory view. 1 ... Shield machine main body, 2 ... Center cutter, 3 ... Large rotary table, 4 ... Side cutter, 5 ... Guide frame, 8
... Support arm (engagement maintaining means), 22 ... Center cutter electric motor, 34 ... Side cutter electric motor, 41 ... Side cutter rotating shaft.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Shohei Senda 1-12-11 Taito, Taito-ku, Tokyo Inside the Foundation Civil Engineering Research Center (72) Inventor Chiyoaki Ono 8-14-14 Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo No. Nikko Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor, Iwasa Politics 5 33-11 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo Japan Hume Tube Co., Ltd. ― 1 ― 711 (56) References Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-10332 (JP, A)

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A center cutter is excavated by rotating a center cutter about a horizontal axis, and a side cutter arranged on the outer peripheral side of the center cutter is rotated about the horizontal axis while the side cutter is rotated about the horizontal axis. By revolving around, the outer peripheral portion of the circular portion is excavated, and sequentially promoted while excavating,
A variant characterized in that the side cutter is revolved along the guide frame in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the center cutter while engaging the rotary shaft of the side cutter with a guide frame similar in shape to the planned excavation sectional shape. Section shield method. 2. A center cutter, a center cutter rotation driving means for driving the center cutter, a guide frame having a peripheral surface similar to the planned excavation cross-sectional shape, and a side engaged with the peripheral surface of the guide frame. A cutter, a side cutter rotation driving means for rotating and driving the side cutter independently of the rotation of the center cutter, and forcibly maintaining the rotating shaft of the side cutter and the peripheral surface of the guide frame in the engaged state. And the engagement maintaining means for restricting the rotation shaft of the side cutter so that the rotation shaft moves along the peripheral surface of the guide frame, and the side cutter is on the outer peripheral side of the center cutter and the rotation locus circle of the side cutter. Are arranged so that they overlap a part of the center cutter's rotation path circle, and the side cutter rotates along the circumference of the guide frame while rotating. Modified cross-section shield machine, characterized by being configured to revolve around the center cutter.