Portmanteauとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /pɔːtˈmæn.təʊ/
• (米国発音) enPR: pôrtmă'ntō, pô'rtmăntōʹ, IPA: /pɔːɹtˈmæntoʊ/, /ˌpɔːɹtmænˈtoʊ/
• 韻: -æntəʊ, -əʊ

語源 1

From Middle French portemanteau (“coat stand”), from porte (“carries”, third-person singular present indicative of porter (“to carry”)) +‎ manteau (“coat”), literally “[that which] carries coat”.

名詞

portmanteau (plural portmanteaus or portmanteaux)

1. A large travelling case usually made of leather, and opening into two equal sections.

   Alternative forms: portemanteau, (obsolete) portmantua

   • 1667, Charles Croke, Fortune's Uncertainty:

     Rodolphus therefore finding such an earnest Invitation, embrac'd it with thanks, and with his Servant and Portmanteau, went to Don Juan's; where they first found good Stabling for their Horses, and afterwards as good Provision for themselves.

   • 1859 December 13, Charles Dickens, “The Mortals in the House”, in Charles Dickens, editor, The Haunted House. The Extra Christmas Number of All the Year Round […], volume II, London: […] C[harles] Whiting, […], →OCLC, page 7, column 2:

     He brought down with him to our haunted house a little cask of salt beef; for, he is always convinced that all salt beef not of his own pickling, is mere carrion, and invariably, when he goes to London, packs a piece in his portmanteau.

   • 1918 February (date written), Katherine Mansfield [pseudonym; Kathleen Mansfield Murry], “Je ne parle pas français”, in Bliss and Other Stories, London: Constable & Company, published 1920, →OCLC, page 71:

     I believe that people are like portmanteaux—packed with certain things, started going, thrown about, tossed away, dumped down, lost and found, half emptied suddenly, or squeezed fatter than ever, until finally the Ultimate Porter swings them on to the Ultimate Train and away they rattle. . . .

2. (Australia, dated) A schoolbag.

   Synonyms: port, school port

3. (archaic) A hook on which to hang clothing.
   • 1918 February (date written), Katherine Mansfield [pseudonym; Kathleen Mansfield Murry], “Je ne parle pas français”, in Bliss and Other Stories, London: Constable & Company, published 1920, →OCLC, page 72:

     But before I started that long and rather far-fetched and not frightfully original digression, what I meant to say quite simply was that there are no portmanteaux to be examined here because the clientele of this café, ladies and gentlemen, does not sit down.

語源 2

First used by Lewis Carroll in Through the Looking-Glass to describe the words he coined in “Jabberwocky”.

形容詞

portmanteau (not comparable)

1. (attributive, linguistics) Made by combining two (or more) words, stories, etc., in the manner of a linguistic portmanteau.
   • 2002 December 14, Nicholas Lezard, “Spooky tales by the master and friends”, in The Guardian (London), page 30:

     The overall narrator of this portmanteau story - for Dickens co-wrote it with five collaborators on his weekly periodical, All the Year Round - expresses deep, rational scepticism about the whole business of haunting.

名詞

portmanteau (plural portmanteaus or portmanteaux)

1. (linguistics) A word formed by putting two words together and thereby their meaning e.g. shrinkflation.

   Synonyms: blend, frankenword, portmanteau word, portmantologism

   • 1871 December 27 (indicated as 1872), Lewis Carroll [pseudonym; Charles Lutwidge Dodgson], “Humpty Dumpty”, in Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There, London: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, pages 128–129:

     Well then, ‘mimsy’ is ‘flimsy and miserable’ (there’s another portmanteau for you).

2. A portmanteau film.
   • 2002 December 11, Nick Bradshaw, “One day in September”, in Time Out, page 71:

     We're so bombarded with images, it's a struggle to preserve our imaginations.' In response, he's turned to cinema, commissioning 11 film-makers to contribute to a portmanteau film, entitled '11'09"01' and composed of short films each running 11 minutes, nine seconds and one frame.

   • 2021 July 12, Nicholas Barber, “The French Dispatch: Four stars for Wes Anderson's latest”, in BBC‎:

     His long-awaited portmanteau, which premiered in Cannes on Monday, is the most Anderson of all Anderson films. It's Anderson distilled, Anderson squared, Anderson to the nth degree.

派生語

動詞

portmanteau (third-person singular simple present portmanteaus, present participle portmanteauing, simple past and past participle portmanteaued or portmanteau'd)

1. (transitive) To create a portmanteau word.

参考

• List of English portmanteau words defined in Wiktionary

Further reading

• blend word on Wikipedia.Wikipedia