Refuseとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: rĕfʹyo͞os, IPA: /ˈɹɛfjuːs/

形容詞

refuse (comparative more refuse, superlative most refuse)

1. Discarded, rejected.

名詞

refuse (uncountable)

1. Collectively, items or material that have been discarded; rubbish, garbage.

同意語

• discards
• garbage (US)
• rubbish (UK)
• trash (US)
• See also Thesaurus:trash

派生語

語源 2

From 中期英語 refusen, from Old French refuser, from Vulgar Latin *refūsāre, a blend of Classical Latin refūtāre (whence also refute) and recūsāre (whence also recuse).

発音

• enPR: rĭfyo͞ozʹ, IPA: /ɹɪˈfjuːz/
• 韻: -uːz

動詞

refuse (third-person singular simple present refuses, present participle refusing, simple past and past participle refused)

1. (transitive) To decline (a request or demand).

   My request for a pay rise was refused.

   • 1955 January, Charles E. Lee, “The Glasgow Underground Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 24:

     Eventually, the railway opened on Monday, December 14, 1896, with a universal fare of 1d. collected at the turnstiles, and conditions were immediately chaotic, as many passengers travelled round and round, and refused to leave the cars.

2. (intransitive) To decline a request or demand, forbear; to withhold permission.

   I refuse to listen to this nonsense any more.

   I asked the star if I could have her autograph, but she refused.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 1:20:

     If ye refuse […] ye shall be devoured with the sword.

   • 1948 March 1, “Duel in Korea”, in World Week, volume 12, number 5, Scholastic Corporation, page 10, column 2:

     The U. N. sent a commission to arrange for election of a Korean government. Russia and her satellites declined to cooperate with this Commission. Russia refused to let the Commission hold an election in north Korea, or even to enter north Korea. In southern Korea Leftist parties refused to meet with the Commission.

   • 2011 September 27, Alistair Magowan, “Bayern Munich 2 - 0 Man City”, in BBC Sport‎:

     City were outclassed thereafter and Roberto Mancini said that substitute Carlos Tevez refused to play.

   • 2018, Michael Cottakis – LSE, “Colliding worlds: Donald Trump and the European Union”, in LSE's blog‎:

     Trump has explicitly refused to deal with the European Commission, seeking instead to conduct bilateral relations with individual EU countries.

   • 2022 November 2, Paul Bigland, “New trains, old trains, and splendid scenery”, in RAIL, number 969, page 58:

     My thoughts are disturbed by a man and pooch trying to get off the front of the train. Despite hitting the door button, they refused to open.

3. (ditransitive) To withhold (something) from (someone); to not give it to them or to bar them from having it.
   • 1991 December 15, Saadia Everett, “Protest Beatings”, in Gay Community News, volume 19, number 22, page 4:

     If we bang or scream they will spray us with some pepper or something else that's in an aeresol can, and they wear gas masks, while the rest of us have to breathe the fumes in, and it makes us very sick and they refuse us medical treatment.

4. (military) To throw back, or cause to keep back (as the centre, a wing, or a flank), out of the regular alignment when troops are about to engage the enemy.

   to refuse the right wing while the left wing attacks

5. (obsolete, transitive) To disown.
   • c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

     Refuse thy name.

使用する際の注意点

• This is a catenative verb that takes the to infinitive. See Appendix:English catenative verbs.

Conjugation

同意語

• (decline): decline, reject, nill, say no to, turn down, veto, withsake, withsay
• (decline a request or demand): say no, forbear

派生語

• offer one can't refuse

関連する語

名詞

refuse

1. (obsolete) refusal
   • 1600, [Torquato Tasso], “The Twelfth Booke of Godfrey of Bulloigne”, in Edward Fairefax [i.e., Edward Fairfax], transl., Godfrey of Bulloigne, or The Recouerie of Ierusalem. […], London: […] Ar[nold] Hatfield, for I[saac] Iaggard and M[atthew] Lownes, →OCLC, stanza 13, page 215:

     This ſpoken, readie with a proud refuſe [...]

語源 3

From re- +‎ fuse.

発音

• enPR: rēfyo͞ozʹ, IPA: /ɹiːˈfjuːz/
• 韻: -uːz

動詞

refuse (third-person singular simple present refuses, present participle refusing, simple past and past participle refused)

1. To fuse again, as with, or after, heating or melting.

Conjugation

関連する語

• refusion

参考

Participle

refūse

1. vocative masculine singular of refūsus

参照

• “refuse”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press