STILLとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /stɪl/
  • (Received Pronunciation, 米国発音) IPA: [stɪɫ]
• • (l-vocalizing: 英国発音, General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: [stɪo̯], [stɪʊ̯]
• 韻: -ɪl

語源 1

From 中期英語 stille (“motionless, stationary”), from 古期英語 stille (“still, quiet”), from Proto-West Germanic *stillī, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)telH- (“to be silent; to be still”). Cognate with Scots stil (“still”), Saterland Frisian stil (“motionless, calm, quiet”), West Frisian stil (“quiet, still”), Dutch stil (“quiet, silent, still”), Low German still (“quiet, silent, still”), German still (“still, quiet, tranquil, silent”), Swedish stilla (“quiet, silent, peaceful”), Icelandic stilltur (“set, quiet, calm, still”). Related to stall.

(noun: Falkland Islander): Military slang, short for still a Benny, since the military had been instructed not to refer to the islanders by the derogatory term Benny (which see).

別の表記

• stil
• stille, styll, stylle (obsolete)

形容詞

still (comparative stiller or more still, superlative stillest or most still)

1. Not moving; calm.

   Synonyms: fixed, stationary, unmoving; see also Thesaurus:stationary, Thesaurus:calm

   Sit there and stay still!

   Still waters run deep.

2. Not effervescing; not sparkling.

   Synonyms: flat, uneffervescent; see also Thesaurus:noneffervescent

   still water; still wines

3. Uttering no sound; silent.

   Synonyms: noiseless, soundless; see also Thesaurus:silent

   • c. 1711, Joseph Addison, How are thy Servants blest, O Lord!:

     The sea that roared at thy command, / At thy command was still.

4. (not comparable) Having the same stated quality continuously from a past time
   • 2007 January 3, Gerry Geronimo, “Unwanted weed starts to sprout from a wayward ponencia”, in Manila Standard‎, archived from the original on 19 July 2011:

     To follow the still President’s marching orders, all that Secretary Ronnie Puno has to do is to follow the road map laid out by Justice Azcuna in his “separate” opinion.

5. Comparatively quiet or silent; soft; gentle; low.

   Synonyms: hushed, tranquil; see also Thesaurus:quiet

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Kings 19:12:

     […] a still small voice.

6. (obsolete) Constant; continual.

   Synonyms: incessant, ongoing, unremitting; see also Thesaurus:continuous

   • c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

     By still practice learn to know thy meaning.

   • 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto XLV”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 68:

     […] A lifelong tract of time reveal’d;
     ⁠The fruitful hours of still increase;
     ⁠Days order’d in a wealthy peace,
     And those five years its richest field.

7. (botany, dated) Dormant.

   a still spore

派生語

副詞

still (not comparable)

1. Without motion.

   They stood still until the guard was out of sight.

2. (aspect) Up to a time, as in the preceding time.

   Is it still raining?   It was still raining five minutes ago.

   We’ve seen most of the sights, but we are still visiting the museum.

   I’m still not wise enough to answer that.

   • 1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

     It hath been anciently reported, and is still received.

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XV, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     Edward Churchill still attended to his work in a hopeless mechanical manner like a sleep-walker who walks safely on a well-known round. But his Roman collar galled him, his cossack stifled him, his biretta was as uncomfortable as a merry-andrew's cap and bells.

   • 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page vii:

     Hepaticology, outside the temperate parts of the Northern Hemisphere, still lies deep in the shadow cast by that ultimate "closet taxonomist," Franz Stephani—a ghost whose shadow falls over us all.

   • 2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist‎, volume 407, number 8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly):

     An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine.

3. (degree) To an even greater degree. Used to modify comparative adjectives or adverbs.

   Tom is tall; Dick is taller; Harry is still taller / Harry is taller still.

   • 1594, William Shakespeare, Lucrece (First Quarto), London: […] Richard Field, for Iohn Harrison, […], →OCLC:

     The guilt being great, the fear doth still exceed.

4. (conjunctive) Nevertheless.

   I’m not hungry, but I’ll still manage to find room for dessert.

   Yeah, but still...

   She'd been here many times before, it was true. Still, she held out some hope.

   • 1817, Thomas Moore, Lalla Rookh […] ‎, London: Longman […] :

     As sunshine, broken in the rill, / Though turned astray, is sunshine still.

   • 2019 July 3, Mike D’Angelo, “Oscar Isaac and Ben Affleck Blunder through a Heavy Heist in J. C. Chandor’s Triple Frontier”, in The A.V. Club‎, archived from the original on 21 November 2019:

     Given the thorny intelligence of [J. C.] Chandor’s previous films (which also include Margin Call and A Most Violent Year), it's hard to believe that he thought it was a good idea to play Fleetwood Mac's "The Chain" over a sequence of Pope telling the others that he can't do this job without them, or to accompany shots of the men running through the jungle with Creedence Clearwater Revival's "Run Through The Jungle." (Okay, they're stealthily walking. But still.)

5. (archaic, poetic) Always; invariably; constantly; continuously.
   • c. 1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii], lines 201–202:

     Lechery, lechery, still wars and lechery; nothing else holds fashion.

   • 1661, Robert Boyle, “[Two Essays, Concerning the Unsuccessfulness of Experiments, Containing Divers Admonitions and Observations (Chiefly Chymical) Touching that Subject.] The Second Essay, of Un-succeeding Experiments.”, in Certain Physiological Essays and Other Tracts; […], 2nd edition, London: […] Henry Herringman […], published 1669, →OCLC, page 78:

     [W]hereas many Chymiſts vvould be vaſtly rich, if they could ſtill do in great Quantities vvhat they have ſometimes done in little ones, many have undone themſelves by obſtinately attempting to make even real Experiments more gainful.

   • 1712 January 2 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison; Richard Steele et al.], “SATURDAY, December 22, 1711”, in The Spectator, number 255; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume III, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC:

     The desire of fame betrays an ambitious man into indecencies that lessen his reputation; he is still afraid lest any of his actions should be thrown away in private.

     The spelling has been modernized.

   • 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto XLI”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 64:

     I vex my heart with fancies dim:
     ⁠He still outstript me in the race;
     ⁠It was but unity of place
     That made me dream I rank’d with him.

6. (extensive) Even, yet.

   Some dogs howl; more yelp; still more bark.

   • 2013 July-August, Sarah Glaz, “Ode to Prime Numbers”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 4:

     Some poems, echoing the purpose of early poetic treatises on scientific principles, attempt to elucidate the mathematical concepts that underlie prime numbers. Others play with primes’ cultural associations. Still others derive their structure from mathematical patterns involving primes.

7. Alternative spelling of styll.
   • 2022, Moses McKenzie, An Olive Grove in Ends‎:

     'Yeah yeah, I'm good still, Stace,' I said.

   • 2022 June 2, Gabrielle Wood, 16:17 from the start, in Teddy Nygh, director, PRU (1), episode 2 (TV), spoken by Halil (Jay Ersavas):

     HALIL: I can't lie, I didn't expect it from you, man, still!

同意語

• (without motion): akinetically, motionlessly, stock still, stockishly
• (up to a time): yet
• (to an even greater degree): yet, even
• (nevertheless): nonetheless, though, yet; see also Thesaurus:nevertheless
• (always): consistently, invariably, uniformly; See also Thesaurus:uniformly
• (even, yet):

派生語

名詞

still (plural stills)

1. A period of calm or silence.

   the still of the night

   • 1901, Good Words, volume 42, page 7:

     Between the roar of the thunder and the blatter of the rain there were intervals of an astounding still, of an ominous suspense […]

   • 1983 May, Adrian Smith, Bruce Dickinson, “Flight of Icarus”, in Piece of Mind, performed by Iron Maiden:

     As the ground warms, to the first rays of light, / A birdsong shatters the still.

2. (photography) A photograph, as opposed to movie footage.
   1. (cinematography) A single frame from a film.
      • 1958 February, David Gunston, “Railways on the Screen”, in Railway Magazine, page 87:

        One of his best stories was "Barney Oldfield's Race for a Life" (1914), of which there survives only an amusing still, showing poor Mabel Normand chained to the rails by two toughs, the moustached villain threatening her with a sledge-hammer, and an awful sense of that inexorably approaching express!

3. (slang) A resident of the Falkland Islands.

同意語

• (period of calm): lull, rest, respite; quiet, tranquility
• (resident of the Falkland Islands): Benny, Falklander, Kelper

派生語

参考

• styll

語源 2

Via 中期英語 stillen, clip of distillen; Old French distiller; Latin distillare, from dis- + stillare, from Latin stilla.

名詞

still (plural stills)

1. A device for distilling liquids.
2. (catering) A large water boiler used to make tea and coffee.
3. (catering) The area in a restaurant used to make tea and coffee, separate from the main kitchen.
4. A building where liquors are distilled; a distillery.

派生語

参考

• pot still

語源 3

From 古期英語 stillan.

動詞

still (third-person singular simple present stills, present participle stilling, simple past and past participle stilled)

1. To calm down, to quiet.

   to still the raging sea

   • 1695, John Woodward, An essay toward a natural history of the earth and terrestrial bodies, especially minerals, page 139:

     They likewise believed that he, having a full Sway and Command over the Water, had Power to still and compose it, as well as to move and disturb it […]

   • c. 1591, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, part 1, act 2, scene 3:

     Is this the scourge of France? / Is this the Talbot, so much fear'd abroad / That with his name the mothers still their babes?

   • 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter:

     […] withholding myself from toil that would, at least, have stilled an unquiet impulse in me.

   • 1980, Robert Dougall, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 379:

     Near the pond was the ducking-stool where many a village scold had her tongue temporarily stilled.

同意語

• becalm, lull, quell; see also Thesaurus:pacify

語源 4

Aphetic form of distil, or from Latin stillare.

動詞

still (third-person singular simple present stills, present participle stilling, simple past and past participle stilled)

1. (obsolete) To trickle, drip.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, book III, canto ii, paragraph xxix:

     And if that any drop of slombring rest / Did chaunce to still into her wearie spright,

2. To cause to fall by drops.
3. To expel spirit from by heat, or to evaporate and condense in a refrigeratory; to distill.
   • 1557 February 13 (Gregorian calendar), Thomas Tusser, A Hundreth Good Pointes of Husbandrie, London: […] Richard Tottel, →OCLC; republished London: […] Robert Triphook, […], and William Sancho, […], 1810, →OCLC:

     The knowledge of stilling is one pretty feat,
     The waters be wholesome, the charges not great

アナグラム

• Tills, lilts, tills