Scornとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Verb from 中期英語 scornen, schornen, alteration of Old French escharnir, from Vulgar Latin *escarnire, from Proto-West Germanic *skarnijan, possibly from Proto-Germanic *skeraną (“to shear”) (from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”)), or possibly related to *skarną (“dung, filth”) (from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱerd-, *(s)ḱer- (“dung, manure, filth”)). Noun from Old French escarn (cognate with Portuguese escárnio, Spanish escarnio and Italian scherno). Cognate with Middle High German schern (“joke, mockery, scorn”), 古期英語 sċierniċġe (“female entertainer, juggler, actress”).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /skɔːn/
• (General American) IPA: /skɔɹn/
• 韻: -ɔː(ɹ)n

動詞

scorn (third-person singular simple present scorns, present participle scorning, simple past and past participle scorned)

1. (transitive) To feel or display contempt or disdain for something or somebody; to despise.
   • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v], page 150:

     The Cry is ſtill, they come: our Caſtles ſtrength / Will laugh a Siedge to ſcorne

   Synonyms: contemn, disdain; see also Thesaurus:despise, Thesaurus:jeer at

   • 1871, C. J. Smith, Synonyms Discriminated:

     We scorn what is in itself contemptible or disgraceful.

2. (transitive) To reject, turn down.

   He scorned her romantic advances.

   • 1697, [William] Congreve, The Mourning Bride, a Tragedy. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, Act III, page 39:

     Heav'n has no Rage, like Love to Hatred turn'd, / Nor Hell a Fury, like a Woman ſcorn'd.

3. (transitive) To refuse to do something, as beneath oneself.

   She scorned to show weakness.

4. (intransitive) To scoff, to express contempt.

   Synonyms: deride, mock, ridicule, scoff, sneer; see also Thesaurus:sneer

   • 1578–1579, Ed[mund] Sp[enser], “Prosopopoia. Or Mother Hubberds Tale. [...] Dedicated to the Right Honorable the Ladie Compton and Mountegle”, in Complaints. Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the Worlds Vanitie. Whereof the Next Page Maketh Mention‎, London: Imprinted for William Ponsonbie, dwelling in Paules Churchyard at the signe of the Bishops head, published 1591, →OCLC:

     For miſerie doth braueſt mindes abate, / And make them ſeeke for that they wont to ſcorne, / Of fortune and of hope at once forlorne.

使用する際の注意点

• This is a catenative verb which takes the to infinitive. See Appendix:English catenative verbs

名詞

scorn (countable and uncountable, plural scorns)

1. (uncountable) Contempt or disdain.
   • 1967, John Berryman, Berryman’s Sonnets, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux:

     Rain of tears, real, mist of imagined scorn

2. (countable) A display of disdain; a slight.
   • 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene vi], page 100, column 1:

     VVith ſcoffes and ſcornes, and contumelious taunts, / In open Market-place produc't they me, / To be a publique ſpectacle to all: / Here, ſayd they, is the Terror of the French, / The Scar-Crovv that affrights our Children ſo.

   • 1685, John Dryden, The Despairing Lover:

     Every sullen frown and bitter scorn / But fanned the fuel that too fast did burn.

3. (countable) An object of disdain, contempt, or derision.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 44:13:

     Thou makest us a reproach to our neighbours, a scorn and a derision to them that are round about us.

使用する際の注意点

• Scorn is often used in the phrases pour scorn on and heap scorn on.

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:contempt

派生語

• laugh to scorn
• scornful

参照

• James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Scorn”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC.
• Roberts, Edward A. (2014), A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN

アナグラム

• Crons, corns

別の表記

• schoren, schorn, skorn
• scarn, scharn, skarn, skoarn (Early Middle English)
• scoorn, scorne, schorne, sckorn, skorne (Late Middle English)

発音

• IPA: /skɔːrn/, /skɔrn/, /ʃɔːrn/, /ʃɔrn/
• IPA: /skɑːrn/, /ʃɑːrn/ (Early Middle English)

名詞

scorn (uncountable)

1. Scorn, contempt; the feeling that something is beneath oneself.
2. Abuse, humiliation, derision; scornful treatment.
3. An insult; a derisory or contemptuous statement, action, or thing.

関連する語

• scornen
• scornere
• scornful

派生した語

• English: scorn
• Middle Scots: scorn, scorne
  • Scots: scorn

参照

• “scō̆rn, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

語源 2

動詞

scorn

1. (Late Middle English or Northern) alternative form of scornen