Hereとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 her, from 古期英語 hēr (“at this place”), from Proto-West Germanic *hēr, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r, from *hiz +‎ *-r, from Proto-Indo-European *kís, from *ḱe + *ís.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /hɪə̯/, /hɪː/
• (Standard Southern British) IPA: /ˈhiː.ə/
• (General American) IPA: /hɪɚ̯/, /hɪɹ/, [çiɚ]
• (General Australian) IPA: /hɪː/
  • (Western Australia, Queensland) IPA: /ˈhiː.ə/, /hɪə/
• (Scotland) IPA: /hiːr/
• (Canada, Northwestern 米国発音) IPA: /hiːɹ/
• (Wales) IPA: /hjɜː/
• (New Zealand) IPA: /hiə/
• (East Anglia, cheer–chair merger) IPA: /hɛː/
• 異形同音異義語: hear, hir; hair, hare (both cheer–chair merger)
• 韻: -ɪə(ɹ)

副詞

here (not comparable)

1. (location) In, on, or at this place (a place perceived to be close to the speaker); compare there.

   Synonym: (emphatic) right here

   You wait here while I fetch my coat.

   Ms. Doe is not here at the moment.

   It says here that he died in 1970.

   The air here is foul.

   The view up here is better than the view down there!

   Here is the report that you asked for. (inverted use)

   Here I stand.

   Kilroy was here.

   • 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto VII”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:

     Dark house, by which once more I stand / Here in the long unlovely street,

   • 2008, Omar Khadr, Affidavit of Omar Ahmed Khadr:

     The Canadian visitor stated, “I’m not here to help you. I’m not here to do anything for you. I’m just here to get information.”

   • 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

     Oh, yes. I am here! — Good. You are there.

   1. (abstract) At this point or stage (in a process, argument, narration, etc.)

      I've had enough of peeling potatoes. I'm stopping here.

      Here endeth the lesson.

      • 1796, George Washington, Washington's Farewell Address:

        Here, perhaps I ought to stop.

      • 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 6, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:

        “And drove away—away.” Sophia broke down here. Even at this moment she was subconsciously comparing her rendering of the part of the forlorn bride with Miss Marie Lohr's.

   2. (abstract) In this matter.

      You say that all men are born equal, but here I must disagree with you.

   3. (as complement of 'be') Notionally at the speaker's location by virtue of happening now.

      Flu season is here.

      Christmas will soon be here.

   4. (abstract) In this context.

      Derivatives can refer to anything that is derived from something else, but here they refer specifically to functions that give the slope of the tangent line to a curve.

      • 1872 May, Edward Burnett Tylor, “Quetelet on the Science of Man”, in Popular Science Monthly, volume 1:

        The two great generalizations which the veteran Belgian astronomer has brought to bear on physiological and mental science, and which it is proposed to describe popularly here, may be briefly defined:

      • 1904 January 15, William James, “The Chicago School”, in Psychological Bulletin, 1.1, pages 1-5:

        The briefest characterization is all that will be attempted here.

   5. (informal) After the name of a person perceived as located close to the speaker, used familiarly to indicate that person.

      Jim here has been with the company for twenty years.

   6. (informal or dialect) After certain determiners, especially 'this' and 'these', used to emphasise demonstrative sense; see also this here.

      This here orange is too sour.

      Both 'ere buckets 'ave 'oles in 'em.

2. (location) To this place; used in place of the literary or archaic hither.

   Please come here.

   • 1891, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wall-Paper:

     He said we came here solely on my account, that I was to have perfect rest and all the air I could get.

派生語

派生した語

• Sranan Tongo: ia

形容詞

here (not comparable)

1. Alive

   I'm not dead yet! I'm still here!

名詞

here (usually uncountable, plural heres)

1. This place; this location.

   Here is where I met my spouse twelve years ago.

   An Alzheimer patient's here may in his mind be anywhere he called home in the time he presently re-lives.

   • 1922, Francis Herbert Bradley, The Principles of Logic, page 52:

     For time and extension seem continuous elements; the here is one space with the other heres round it

   • 2001, Kauhiko Yatabe, “Objects, city and wandering: the invisibility of the Japanese in France”, in Harumi Befu, Sylvie Guichard-Anguis, editors, Globalizing Japan: Ethnography of the Japanese Presence in Asia, Europe, and America, page 28:

     More than ever, the here is porous.

   • 2004, Denis Wood, Five Billion Years of Global Change: A History of the Land, page 20:

     We can't see it because it is an aspect of our seeing, it is a function of our gaze: the field of the here is established in — and by — our presence.

   1. (figuratively) This point or stage in time, conceptualised as a location.

      I'd like to continue my story, but here is where I must stop.

      I've done as much as I can; you'll have to take it from here.

2. (Can we verify this sense?) (abstract) This time, the present situation. (Can we add an example for this sense?)

間投詞

here

1. (slang) Used semi-assertively to offer something to the listener.

   Here, now I'm giving it to you.

2. (Ireland, British, slang) Used for emphasis at the beginning of a sentence when expressing an opinion or want.

   Here, I'm tired and I want a drink.

3. (informal) Used to attract someone's attention, often in a hostile way.

   Here! You! Stop doing that!

4. Said in response to one's name being called during a roll call, indicating that one is present.

   Smith ... Here! ... Jones ... Here! ... Walters ... ... Anyone seen Walters?

5. Said to command a person or higher animal to come to the speaker.

   "Fido! Here!" — "Woof Woof!"

参考

アナグラム

• HREE, Rehe, Rhee, heer

発音

• IPA: /ˈxe.re/, [ˈhe.re]

名詞

here m (nominative plural herġas)

1. army, military (especially of the enemy)

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:here

使用する際の注意点

• While here was mainly used for enemy armies, derived compounds such as landhere (“land army”) and sċiphere (“navy”) were still used of either side.

語形変化

Strong ja-stem:

派生語

派生した語

• Middle English: here
  • Scots: here, heir, heyr

語源 2

発音

• IPA: /ˈxeː.re/, [ˈheː.re]

名詞

hēre

1. dative singular of hēr

発音

• IPA: /ˈhɛːr(ə)/

名詞

here

1. a military force; a troop, host, or army
2. a group of people; a team, band, throng, or mass
3. any group or set of things or creatures
4. fighting, battle; conflict between armed forces
5. (rare) participation in the armed forces

別の表記

• her, heir, herre, ere, har, hare, hyre
• hære, heare, heore, hir, hire (Early Middle English)

関連する語

• herberwe
• Hereford

派生した語

• Scots: here, heir, heyr

参照

• “hēre, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

語源 2

From 古期英語 heora, hira, genitive of hīe (“they”).

限定詞

here (nominative pronoun he)

1. Third-person plural genitive determiner: their

代名詞

here (nominative he)

1. Third-person plural possessive pronoun: theirs, of them

別の表記

• her, heare, heir, er, ere, herre, hero, hir, hire, ire
• har, hare, ar, are, ȝare (Kent)
• hur, hure, hura, huere, hurre (Southern, Southwest Midland)
• hor, hore, or, ore, hora, heor, heore, heora, heoræ, hoere, har, hare, ar, are, ȝare (West Midland)
• hor, hore, or, ore, hora, heor, heore, heora, heoræ, hoere (Early Middle English)

派生語

• heres

関連する語

• he (“they”)

派生した語

• English: her (obsolete)
• Yola: aar, 'ar

参考

参照

• “hē̆r(e, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

語源 3

From 古期英語 hēore, hȳre (“pleasant”), from Proto-Germanic *hiurijaz (“familiar; mild”).

形容詞

here

1. pleasant, gentle
2. noble, excellent

別の表記

• her, hær, harey

派生した語

• English: here

参照

• “hẹ̄r(e, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

語源 4

From 古期英語 hǣre, hēre and Old French haire, itself from Germanic.

名詞

here (plural heres or heren or here)

1. haircloth

別の表記

• her, heare, eare, hair, haire, haigre, hare, heir, heire, heiȝre, hayr, hayre, hayer, heyr, heyre

派生した語

• English: haire
• Scots: heir

参照

• “hẹ̄r(e, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

語源 5

名詞

here

1. alternative form of herre (“lord”)

語源 6

名詞

here (plural heres)

1. (Essex; Late Middle English, Oxfordshire, Somerset) alternative form of hire (wages)

語源 7

名詞

here

1. alternative form of hare (“hare”)

語源 8

限定詞

here

1. alternative form of hire (“her”, genitive)

代名詞

here

1. alternative form of hire (“hers”)

語源 9

限定詞

here

1. alternative form of hire (“her”, object)

語源 10

副詞

here

1. alternative form of her (“here”)

語源 11

名詞

here

1. alternative form of heir (“heir”)

語源 12

名詞

here

1. alternative form of yeer (“year”)

語源 13

形容詞

here

1. alternative form of herre: comparative degree of heigh (“high”)

語源 14

動詞

here

1. alternative form of heren (“to hear”)

語源 15

動詞

here

1. (Kent) alternative form of hiren (“to hire”)

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈhɛ.rɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈɛː.re]

副詞

here (not comparable)

1. yesterday

   Alternative form: heri

語源 2

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈhɛ.rɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈɛː.re]

名詞

here

1. vocative singular of herus

語源 3

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈheː.reː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈɛː.re]

動詞

hērē

1. second-person singular present active imperative of hēreō

参照

Further reading

• “here”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “here”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.