APPARATUSとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音, 米国発音, General South African, Indic)
  • IPA: /ˌæp.əˈɹeɪ.təs/
  • 韻: -eɪtəs
• (米国発音, Canada)
  • IPA: /ˌæp.əˈɹæt.əs/
  • 韻: -ætəs
• (英国発音, General Australian, New Zealand, General South African, Jamaica)
  • IPA: /ˌæp.əˈɹɑː.təs/
  • 韻: -ɑːtəs
• (Indic) IPA: /əˈparətəs/
• (Philippines) IPA: /ʔɐp.pɐˈɾaː.t̪ʊs/

名詞

apparatus (plural apparatuses or apparatusses or apparatus or (both rare) apparatûs or apparatūs or (hypercorrect) apparati)

1. The entirety of means whereby a specific production is made existent or task accomplished.

   Synonyms: dynamic, mechanism, setup

   • 1999 April 24, Martin Kettle, Alex Brummer, quoting Tony Blair, “The bombing goes on”, in The Guardian‎:

     These television stations are part of the apparatus and power of Milosevic. This is the apparatus he has used to do the ethnic cleansing in Kosovo. It is the apparatus that keeps him in power and we are entirely justified as Nato allies in damaging and taking on those targets.

   • 2014 July 29, George Monbiot, “The rich want us to believe their wealth is good for us all”, in The Guardian‎:

     Among the many good points Thomas Piketty makes in Capital in the Twenty First Century – his world-changing but surprisingly mild book – is that extreme inequality can be sustained politically only through an “apparatus of justification”.

   • 2017 August 20, “The Observer view on the attacks in Spain”, in The Observer‎:

     Many jihadist plots have been foiled and the security apparatus is getting better, overall, at pre-empting those who would do us ill. But, they say, the nature of the threat and the terrorists’ increasing use of low-tech, asymmetrical tactics such as hire vehicles and knives, make it all but impossible to stop every assault.

   • 2021 March 4, Emma Graham-Harrison, “China's Communist party ran campaign to discredit BBC, thinktank finds”, in The Guardian‎:

     It describes a “coordinated effort by the CCP’s propaganda apparatus … to discredit the BBC, distract international attention and recapture control of the narrative,” mostly outside Chinese borders.

2. A complex machine or instrument.

   Synonyms: device, instrument, machinery

   • 1880–1881, Thomas Hardy, chapter I, in A Laodicean; or, The Castle of the De Stancys. A Story of To-day. […], volume III, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, […], published 1881, →OCLC, book the fifth (De Stancy and Paula), page 40:

     “I have met my young photographer,” said De Stancy, cheerily. “What a small world it is, as every busybody truly observes! I am wishing he could take some views for us as we go on; but you have no apparatus with you, I suppose, Mr. Dare?”

   • 1983 July 30, Stacy V. Jones, “Apparatus For Study Of Planets”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:

     An apparatus for exploring the atmosphere of a planet such as Venus, at a specific altitude, was patented this week for a French agency, the Office Nationale d'Etudes et de Recherche Aerospatiales.

3. (collective) An assortment of tools and instruments.

   Synonyms: tools, gear, equipment

   • 1786, John Jeffries, Jean-Pierre Blanchard, A narrative of the two aerial Voyages of Dr. J. with Mons. Blanchard: with meteorological observations and remarks.‎, page 45:

     We immediately threw out all the little things we had with us, ſuch as biſcuits, apples, &c. and after that one of our oars or wings; but ſtill deſcending, we caſt away the other wing, and then the governail ; having likewiſe had the precaution, for fear of accidents, while the Balloon was filling, partly to looſen and make it go eaſy, I now ſucceeded in attempting to reach without the Car, and unſcrewing the moulinet, with all its apparatus; I likewiſe caſt that into the ſea.

4. A bureaucratic organization, especially one influenced by political patronage.

   Synonym: machine

   • 2006 April 3, David Walker, “Beyond her imagination”, in The Guardian‎:

     In English fiction—that is to say British fiction in the English language tradition—it is a subtle question because we dislike thinking abstractly and conceptualisation of government, where it exists, is vague and confused. Take bishops: they sat as legislators and so were part of the governing apparatus.

5. (firefighting) A vehicle used for emergency response.
6. (gymnastics) Any of the equipment on which the gymnasts perform their movements.

   Hyponyms: parallel bars, uneven bars, vault, floor, pommel horse

7. (rhythmic gymnastics) Any of the objects that the gymnasts wield while performing and used as part of the performance itself.

   Hyponyms: ball, clubs, hoop, ribbon, rope

8. (video games) A complex, highly modified weapon (typically not a firearm); a weaponized “Rube Goldberg machine.”
9. (textual criticism) In an edition, a system of notations providing information, especially regarding variant readings of a text (a critical apparatus)

使用する際の注意点

• Sense 1 is used especially in scientific, medical and technical contexts.
• The word is occasionally used as an invariant plural, as in look at all of those apparatus, maintaining the Latin inflection in English on a loanword basis, which can cause ambiguity, though that is unimportant to the point being made.

派生語

関連する語

• apparat

参照

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ap.paˈraː.tʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ap.paˈraː.tus]

Participle

apparātus (feminine apparāta, neuter apparātum, comparative apparātior, superlative apparātissimus); first/second-declension participle

1. prepared, ready, having been prepared
2. supplied, furnished, having been supplied
3. magnificent, sumptuous, elaborate

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

名詞

apparātus m (genitive apparātūs); fourth declension

1. preparation, a getting ready
2. A providing
3. tools, implements, instruments, engines
4. supplies, material
5. magnificence, splendor, pomp

   Synonym: magnificentia

語形変化

Fourth-declension noun.

派生した語

参照

• “apparatus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “apparatus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "apparatus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “apparatus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to entertain, regale a person: accipere aliquem (bene, copiose, laute, eleganter, regio apparatu, apparatis epulis)
    
  • preparations for war; war-material: apparatus (rare in plur.) belli
    
• apparatus in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016