Apartheidとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, strictly) IPA: /əˈpɑːtheɪt/, /əˈpɑːthaɪt/
• (米国発音, strictly) enPR: ə-pärtʹhāt, ə-pärtʹhīt, IPA: /əˈpɑɹtheɪt/, /əˈpɑɹthaɪt/

• Note: the h is very often not pronounced because of the difficulty of following /t/ with /h/, but the sequence is not pronounced as the digraph th (/ð/, /θ/).
• (米国発音, laxly) enPR: ə-pärʹtīd, IPA: /əˈpɑɹ.taɪd/

名詞

apartheid (countable and uncountable, plural apartheids)

1. (South Africa, historical) The policy of racial segregation in South Africa from 1948 to 1994.

   Synonym: plural relations

   • 1988, Eddy Grant, “Gimme Hope Jo'anna”:

     She don't care about the rest at all / She's got a system they call apartheid / It keeps a brother in a subjection

   • 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, London: Abacus, published 2010, pages 127-128:

     The premise of apartheid was that whites were superior to Africans, Coloureds and Indians, and the function of it was to entrench white supremacy forever.

   • 2019 October 24, Dennis Webster, “'An indictment of South Africa': whites-only town Orania is booming”, in The Guardian‎, archived from the original on 29 March 2022:

     The reality, however, is a disquieting and entirely white town, littered with old apartheid flags and monuments to the architects of segregation.

2. (by extension) Any similar policy of racial segregation or separation and discrimination, particularly when in favor of a minority rule.

   The 1973 Apartheid Convention conferred universal jurisdiction to the state signatories to prosecute those who commit apartheid.

   • 1963, Justice William O. Douglas, concurring, Lombard v. Louisiana (373 U.S. 267):

     When the doors of a business are open to the public, they must be open to all regardless of race if apartheid is not to become engrained in our public […] .

   • 2006 March 3, Leslie Feinberg, “Civil rights leaders were gay-baited, red-baited”, in Workers World‎:

     Jim Crow miscegenation laws enforced apartheid in marriage.

3. (by extension) A policy or situation of segregation based on some specified attribute.
   • 2008, Peter Hewitt, Kenya Cowboy: A Police Officer's Account of the Mau Mau Emergency, →ISBN, page 64:

     Fifteen minutes drive to the Brown Trout was guaranteed to satisfy my appetite because there, as with other clubs and hotel bars, a form of sex apartheid was practised. The males assembled in the region of the bar and the opposite gender either sat discreetly detached or strayed outside to gossip gaily among themselves.

   • 2009, Moorthy Muthuswamy, Defeating Political Islam: The New Cold War, →ISBN, page 120:

     In these annual reports, the religious apartheid practices in India are not mentioned at all.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:apartheid.

動詞

apartheid (third-person singular simple present apartheids, present participle apartheiding, simple past and past participle apartheided)

1. To impose a policy of segregation of groups of people, especially one based on race.
   • 1986, Stanlake John Thompson Samkange, On Trial for that U.D.I.: A Novel, page 79:

     Yes, apartheiding the apartheiders, is what the rest of the world is doing.

   • 1989, Instauration - Volumes 15-16, page 36:

     Whatever the reason the blacks have for "apartheiding" Boston, whites should be all for it.

   • 2003, Mayur K. Lakhani, A Celebration of General Practice, →ISBN, page 183:

     The most deadly of all ghosts are wandering over Britain and medicine, apartheiding people into superiors and nonentities.

   • 2009, Shirley R. Steinberg, Diversity and Multiculturalism: A Reader, →ISBN, page 151:

     Speaking of the resulting apartheiding of British Columbia, Cole Harris observed, "racism was built into the landscape of settlement."

   • 2011, Timothy J. Stanley, Contesting White Supremacy, →ISBN, page 64:

     By 1922, the apartheiding of British Columbia was cemented into a public and private English-language discourse that took for granted how and where one racialized body was placed in relation to another, and in turn how each related to the state system.

反意語

• antiapartheid

派生語

関連する語

アナグラム

• hit parade