Ablautとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from German Ablaut (“sound gradation”), which is from ab- or ab (“down, off”), + Laut (“sound”). Ab is used here in the sense of “deviating, varying” as in Abgott (“god other than the true God”), Abart (“different sort, variety, anomality”).

発音

• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈɑbˌlaʊt/, /ˈɑpˌlaʊt/, /ˈæbˌlaʊt/
• 韻: -aʊt
• ハイフネーション: ab‧lowt

名詞

ablaut (countable and uncountable, plural ablauts)

1. (phonology) The substitution of one root vowel for another, thus indicating a corresponding modification of use or meaning; vowel permutation, distinct from the phonetic influence of a succeeding vowel. [Mid 19 century.]

   Synonym: alternation

   Hypernyms: gradation, apophony

   • 1920, Arthur Quiller-Couch, On The Art of Reading‎:

     I declare to you that Literature was not written for schoolmasters, nor for schoolmistresses. I would not exchange it for a wilderness of schoolmasters. It should be delivered from them, who, with their silly Ablauts and ‘tendencies,’ can themselves neither read nor write.

派生語

• ablauting
• unablauted

関連する語

• umlaut

動詞

ablaut (third-person singular simple present ablauts, present participle ablauting, simple past and past participle ablauted)

1. (intransitive, linguistics, of a vowel-containing linguistic component) To undergo a change of vowel.
   • 1983, Stephanie W. Jamison, Function and Form in the -áya-formations of the Rig Veda and ...‎, page 209:

     This root must once have ablauted, given the associated nominal derivatives prthii- 'broad', prthivl- 'earth'. However, it does not ablaut at all in its verbal forms.

   • 1985, Michael E. Krauss, Yupik Eskimo prosodic systems: descriptive and comparative studies‎, page 241:

     What we find is that one cannot predict which members of V a given member of E will cause to ablaut

   • 2006, Felix K. Ameka, Alan Charles Dench, Nicholas Evans, Catching language: the standing challenge of grammar writing‎, page 536:

     It is these co-opted verbs that tend to ablaut variably in the different Dakotan dialects and that forced morphological restructuring

   • 2012, Bernard Comrie, Zarina Estrada Fernández, Relative Clauses in Languages of the Americas: A Typological Overview‎, page 219:

     This allomorph also causes the back vowel to ablaut to a low vowel.

2. (transitive, linguistics) To cause to change a vowel.

派生語

• unablauted

参照

Further reading

• Apophony on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

アナグラム

• Butala, tabula