Eskimoとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• Eskimau, Esquimau, Esquimaux, Esquimo

語源

Attested since 1584, from French Esquimau, ultimately from an Old Montagnais term. Ives Goddard's theory, accepted by most linguists today, is that it derives from Montagnais ayaškimew (“snowshoe-netter”). An older theory, defended by John Steckley due to its greater acceptance in Native oral traditions, but discredited by linguists, is that it derives from a term meaning "eater(s) of raw meat".

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɛs.kɪ.məʊ/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈɛs.kɪ.moʊ/
• ハイフネーション: Es‧kimo

名詞

Eskimo (plural Eskimo or Eskimos or Eskimoes)

1. (dated, sometimes offensive) A member of a group of indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic, from Siberia, through Alaska and Northern Canada, to Greenland, including the Inuit and Yupik.

   Hyponyms: Inuk, Inuit, Yupik

2. A dog of the American Eskimo breed.
   • 1958, Henry P. Davis, The Modern Dog Encyclopedia, page 292:

     Yet many pure-bred, if unregistered, Eskimos are still kept along the Canadian border for use in sled racing.

3. A dog of the Canadian Eskimo breed.
4. (Canadian football, historical) A team member of the Canadian Football League's Edmonton Eskimos. (Obsolete as of 2020 with the team dropping this name in favour of Elks in 2021.)

使用する際の注意点

• Eskimo has come to be considered offensive in Canada because it was widely thought to stem from a Cree pejorative meaning "eaters of raw meat" (although both the Cree and Inuit ate raw meat).
• In Canada, it has been superseded by Inuit (for the peoples, and Inuvialuit for those in the Western Arctic). The term is still used worldwide by historians and archaeologists.
• In Alaska, indigenous Alaskans find this term too imprecise and prefer "Alaska Native", as "Eskimo" encompasses (and is the only encompassing term for) all the Arctic peoples including the Inuit Inupiat and the non-Inuit Yupik. However, Eskimo does not include the related Aleut people (Unangan).
• Greenland natives also call themselves Greenlanders (Greenlandic: kalaallit), and their language Greenlandic (kalaallisut).

関連する語

• husky (“dog”), from the same root as Eskimo
• Husky (“an Eskimo person; an Eskimo language”) (dated)

固有名詞

Eskimo

1. Any of the languages of the Eskimo people.

形容詞

Eskimo (comparative more Eskimo, superlative most Eskimo)

1. (sometimes offensive) Of or relating to the Eskimo peoples.
2. In, of, or relating to the Eskimo languages.

派生語

参照

• Katherine Barber, editor (1998), “Eskimo”, in The Canadian Oxford Dictionary, Don Mills, Ont.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN.
• “Eskimo”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
• Elizabeth J. Jewell, Frank Abate, Erin McKean, editors (2005), “Eskimo”, in The New Oxford American Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN.
• Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “Eskimo”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
• “Eskimo” and “Origin of the name Eskimo” in Wikipedia

アナグラム

• smokie