Competenceとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ˈkɒm.pə.təns/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈkɑm.pə.təns/
• (Canada) IPA: /ˈkɒm.pə.təns/, /ˈkɑm.pə.təns/
• (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /ˈkɔm.pə.təns/, /ˈkɒm.pə.təns/

名詞

competence (countable and uncountable, plural competences)

1. (uncountable) The quality or state of being competent, i.e. able or suitable for a general role.
   • 2005, Lies Sercu, Ewa Bandura, Foreign Language Teachers and Intercultural Competence: An International Investigation:

     Teachers are now required to teach intercultural communicative competence.

2. (countable) The quality or state of being able or suitable for a particular task; the quality or state of being competent for a particular task or skill.
3. (linguistics) The system of linguistic knowledge possessed by native speakers of a language, as opposed to its actual use in concrete situations (performance), cf. linguistic competence.
4. (dated) A sustainable income.
   • 1733, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Man. […], (please specify |epistle=I to IV), London: […] J[ohn] Wilford, […], →OCLC:

     Reason's whole pleasure, all the joys of sense, / Lie in three words — health, peace, and competence.

   • 1811, Jane Austen, chapter 17, in Sense and Sensibility:

     “money can only give happiness where there is nothing else to give it. Beyond a competence, it can afford no real satisfaction, as far as mere self is concerned.”

   • 1861, E. J. Guerin, Mountain Charley, page 26:

     A few years ago there lived in a city on the Mississippi a happy family, consisting of a husband, wife, and two children. They were in comfortable circumstances—he able to earn a competence—kind, affable, affectionate, […]

5. (countable, law, politics) the legal authority to deal with a matter.

   The bill was denied royal assent because the Scottish Parliament does not have legislative competence on the bill's matter.

   • 2016, German Institute for International and Security Affairs, “Division of competences in the European Union”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎:

     K C Wheare's definition of federalism requires that two governments be independent and co-ordinate within their own spheres, generally set out by the division of competences codified in a constitution, which is supreme.

   • 2003, Rodrigo Uprimny, “The constitutional court and control of presidential extraordinary powers in Colombia”, in Democratization‎, archived from the original on 9 May 2021:

     Also, the Constitutional Court has tried to reduce impunity in cases of human rights abuses by narrowly interpreting the legal competence of military justice to investigate military and police officers.

6. (geology) The degree to which a rock is resistant to deformation or flow.

同意語

• ability
• competency
• nous
• savoir-faire
• knack (colloq.)
• aptitude
• See also Thesaurus:skill

反意語

• inability
• ineptitude
• incompetence

派生語

関連する語

• compete
• competition
• competentness

参照

• “competence”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.