commuteとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /kəˈmjuːt/
• (General American, Canada) IPA: /kəˈmjut/
• (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /kəˈmjʉːt/
• 韻: -uːt

語源 1

Borrowed from Latin commūtō.

動詞

commute (third-person singular simple present commutes, present participle commuting, simple past and past participle commuted)

1. To exchange substantially; to abate but not abolish completely, a penalty, obligation, or payment in return for a great, single thing or an aggregate; to cash in; to lessen

   to commute tithes into rentcharges for a sum

   to commute market rents for a premium

   to commute daily fares for a season ticket

   1. (transitive, finance, law) To pay, or arrange to pay, in advance, in a lump sum instead of part by part.

      to commute the daily toll for a year's pass

   2. (transitive, law, criminology) To reduce the sentence previously given for a criminal offense.

      His prison sentence was commuted to probation.

      • 1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, “THE UTMOST THAT COULD BE OBTAINED WAS THAT HER SENTENCE SHOULD BE COMMUTED FROM BURNING TO BEHEADING.”, in Lady Trevelyan (Hannah More Macaulay), editor, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume V, London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts, →OCLC:
      • 2018, Dominic Rubin, Russia's Muslim Heartlands: Islam in the Putin Era, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 207:

        Ruslan Kutaev is evidence of this: not only was the elderly man sentenced to four years in prison (later commuted to two months), but he was tortured and his family threatened. This seems to be the price of viewing the world in other than Kadyrovite terms.

   3. (transitive, insurance, pensions) To pay out the lumpsum present value of an annuity, instead of paying in instalments; to cash in; to encash
   4. (intransitive, obsolete) To obtain or bargain for exemption or substitution;
      • 1660, Jeremy Taylor, Ductor Dubitantium, or the Rule of Conscience in All Her General Measures; […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] James Flesher, for Richard Royston […], →OCLC:

        He […] thinks it unlawful to commute, and that he is bound to pay his vow in kind.

2. (intransitive, mathematics) Of an operation, to be commutative, i.e. to have the property that changing the order of the operands does not change the result.

   A pair of matrices share the same set of eigenvectors if and only if they commute.

派生語

語源 2

From commutation ticket, a pass on a railroad, streetcar line, etc. that permitted multiple rides over a period of time, eg, a month, for a single, commuted payment.

名詞

commute (plural commutes)

1. A regular journey between two places, typically home and work.
   • 2012 July 12, Nathan Pachal, “TomTom Congestion Index Useless for Metro Vancouver”, in The South Fraser Blog‎:

     PS: The average commute time in the freewayless City of Vancouver is 27 minutes, while outside of the City of Vancouver the average commute time is 31 minutes.

2. The route, time or distance of that journey.

動詞

commute (third-person singular simple present commutes, present participle commuting, simple past and past participle commuted)

1. (intransitive, US, UK, Canada) To regularly travel from one's home to one's workplace or school, or vice versa.

   I commute from Brooklyn to Manhattan by bicycle.

   • 2005, David Langford, The Sex Column and Other Misprints, page 66:

     My convention diary is unusually disjointed, since I was mingily commuting from Berkshire rather than pay £65 per night for a single room.

   • 2008 June 6, Robin Finn, “No Bed of Roses for a Sudden First Lady”, in The New York Times‎:

     MRS. PATERSON, a runner and semilapsed vegetarian — she eats meat once a week to fend off anemia — spends weekdays in Manhattan with her son and commutes to Albany most weekends; she and her husband rented out their house in Guilderland, an Albany suburb, and have moved into the Executive Mansion, where she is continuing Ms. Wall Spitzer’s “greening” initiative.

2. (intransitive, Philippines) To regularly travel from one place to another using public transport.
3. (intransitive) To journey, to make a journey
   • 2015, Elizabeth Royte, Vultures Are Revolting. Here’s Why We Need to Save Them., National Geographic (December 2015)[3]:

     By one estimate, vultures either residing in or commuting into the Serengeti ecosystem during the annual migration—when 1.3 million white-bearded wildebeests shuffle between Kenya and Tanzania—historically consumed more meat than all mammalian carnivores in the Serengeti combined.

派生語

参照

• Douglas Harper (2001–2025), “commute”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.