Erucaとは意味・読み方・使い方

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/05/27 04:00 UTC 版)

語源

Borrowed from Latin eruca, in its senses of "caterpillar" and "colewort" respectively. Cognate with arugula, rucola, rocket, roquette.

名詞

eruca (plural erucae)

(zoology) Caterpillar; larva.
(cooking) Arugula: rocket.
- 1727, Stephen SWITZER, The Practical Kitchen Gardiner: Or, a New and Entire System of Directions for His Employment in the Melonry, Kitchen-garden, and Potagery, in the Several Seasons of the Year, Etc, page 276:
  
  The eruca, or rocket, so called from the Greek, […] was had in so great esteem heretofore, as to its efficacy in conjugal performances, that many of the antient authors, both in poetry and prose, make mention of it purely for that purpose: […]
- 1822, Stephen Reynolds Clarke, Hortus Anglicanus; or, The modern English garden, by the author of the British botanist, page 171:
  
  Eruca, or Garden Rocket, was formerly much used as a salad herb, but has been long rejected on account of its ungrateful smell.

派生語

erucism

ラテン語

語源

Analyzable as *ēr-ūca, from ēr (“hedgehog”) + a suffix -ūca which is likely by analogy with verrūca (“wart, hillock”), named so for the rugged backs of many caterpillars resembling those of hedgehogs.

An alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer (s)-uk-eh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”) (likely of the same ultimate origin as the above etymology), see also Welsh garw (“rough”), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀 (zaršaiiamna, “ruffling one's feathers”), Sanskrit हर्षते (harṣate, “bristles”).

Latin erūca and its variant urūca denote the plant and the caterpillar. In such cases, usually the animal name is primary and has been extended to the plant (so the rocket can be interpreted as “caterpillar plant”).

発音

(Classical Latin) IPA: [eːˈruː.ka]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [eˈruː.ka]

名詞

ērūca f (genitive ērūcae); first declension

caterpillar
colewort, rocket

語形変化

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	ērūca	ērūcae
genitive	ērūcae	ērūcārum
dative	ērūcae	ērūcīs
accusative	ērūcam	ērūcās
ablative	ērūcā	ērūcīs
vocative	ērūca	ērūcae

派生した語

Italo-Romance:
- Italian: eruca (“caterpillar”)
  - → German: Rauke
  - → Greek: ρόκα (róka)
  - ⇒ Italian: ruchetta (“rocket”)
    - → Old French: roquete
      - → Middle English: rokette
        
        English: rocket
      - French: roquette
        
        → English: roquette
  - ⇒ Italian: rucola (“rocket”)
    - → German: Rucola
    - → Polish: rukola
    - → Portuguese: rúcula
    - → English: rucola
    - → English: arugula
    - → Korean: 루콜라 (rukolla)
North-Italian:
- Emilian: ruga
- Lombard: aruga
- Piedmontese: rùa, ruva, aruva
- Emilian: ruga
Gallo-Romance:
- Aragonese: ruca
- Catalan: eruga (“caterpillar”)
- Gascon: arruca, arraca, auruga
- Occitan: eruga
Ibero-Romance:
- Galician: eiruga
- Portuguese: eruga
- Spanish: oruga
Sardinian: ruga
Borrowings:
- → Catalan: ruca (“rocket”)
- → Italian: ruca (“rocket”)
- → Portuguese: eruca
- → Translingual: Eruca
- → English: eruca

参考

brūchus

参照

“eruca”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“eruca”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
"eruca", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
eruca in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 194
^ Oxford Dictionary of English, 3rd ed. (2010)
^ “eruca” in: Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, →ISBN

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 194

[2] Oxford Dictionary of English, 3rd ed. (2010)

[3] “eruca” in: Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, →ISBN


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Erucaとは意味・読み方・使い方

日本語WordNet(英和)での「Eruca」の意味

eruca

Wiktionary英語版での「Eruca」の意味

eruca

語源

名詞

派生語

語源

発音

名詞

語形変化

派生した語

参考

参照

ウィキペディア英語版での「Eruca」の意味

Eruca

「Eruca」のお隣キーワード

Erucaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

日本語WordNet(英和)での「Eruca」の意味

eruca

Wiktionary英語版での「Eruca」の意味

eruca

語源

名詞

派生語

語源

発音

名詞

語形変化

派生した語

参考

参照

ウィキペディア英語版での「Eruca」の意味

Eruca

「Eruca」のお隣キーワード

Erucaとは意味・読み方・使い方