Going toとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• gonna (informal); gunna, gonno (eye dialect)

語源

From 中期英語 goyng to, first attested in 1483—some earlier attestations have been claimed, though these are disputed—and grammaticalized over the course of the Early Modern period. Possibly influenced by the comparable use of Middle French aller (“go”), which arose somewhat earlier and is preserved in modern French.

発音

• (stressed) IPA: /ˈɡoʊɪŋ tu/
• (unstressed) IPA: /ɡoʊɪŋ tə/, /ɡoʊɪn tə/, /ɡoʊɪnə/, /ɡoʊnə/, /ɡənə/; see also gonna

成句

going to

1. Expresses the prospective aspect relative to a given time frame: something that will happen, or is intended, at the time, to happen.

   I'm going to throw out the milk if nobody’s going to drink it.

   I was going to cut the grass, but it started raining.

   Mary is going to have another baby. I'll most probably have blue eyes, because both parents do.

   I’ve already agreed on a price, so I’m going to buy it regardless.

   I’ve been going to stop by for ages, but I’ve only just found time.

   I have been told about a row house going to be available soon.

   • 1676, Thomas Hobbes, transl., Homer’s Iliads in English […], book 5, page 69:

     I sav’d my Son Æneas from his hand, / My dearest Son, whom he was going to slay.

   • 1870–1871 (date written), Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter LIII, in Roughing It, Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company [et al.], published 1872, →OCLC, page 383:

     “Sh—! Don’t speak—he’s going to commence.”

2. Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see be,‎ going,‎ to.

   It's too late, I must be going to my grandma's.

使用する際の注意点

• Going is technically a present participle (of go) that may be followed by an infinitive with “to”. Such a phrase is commonly considered a modal or auxiliary verb.
• The future formed with "going to" (or "gonna") differs from that formed with "will". It usually indicates something already planned, an intention, or something that is bound to happen. Some examples of this contrast:

However, there are other contexts that are such that the two modals will mean the same thing.

• It is sometimes used without the main verb (in the infinitive) if the verb is contextually inferable:

  "Did you cut the grass?" "No, I was going to, but it started raining."

• Tenses other than the present can be used to express intentions or events in the future compared to that point in time. Past time frames are common: "I was going to finish my homework when my brother barged in", "I'd heard they were going to leave soon". The past perfect, as in "I had been going to", is less common but still well-attested. Future time frames, however, are rare (for example, "He said he's going to finish it soon: I imagine he will still be going to finish it tomorrow").
• In spoken English "going to" is often replaced by "gonna", but only when forming a future, not in a sentence like "I'm going to New York".

参考

• to (particle)

参照

Further reading

• Going-to future on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “be going to”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
• “be going to”, in Collins English Dictionary.

アナグラム

• GOTOing, togoing