Mongolとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈmɒŋɡəl/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈmɑŋɡəl/, /ˈmɑŋˌɡoʊl/, /ˈmɔŋˌɡoʊl/
• 韻: -ɒŋɡəl

語源 1

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ (mongɣol), from Middle Mongol ᠮᠣᠩᠬᠣᠯ (mongqol). The sense of person with Down syndrome stems from the observation that individuals with this condition frequently exhibit a prominent epicanthic fold, a feature commonly observed among individuals of East Asian ancestry.

名詞

Mongol (plural Mongols)

1. A person from Mongolia; a Mongolian.
2. A member of any of the various Mongol ethnic groups living in the Mongolian People's Republic, the former USSR, Tibet and Nepal.
3. (dated, now derogatory, offensive) A person with Down syndrome.

   Alternative form: mongol

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 17, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

     The face which emerged was not reassuring. […]. He was not a mongol but there was a deficiency of a sort there, and it was not made more pretty by a latter-day hair cut which involved eccentrically long elf-locks and oiled black curls.

4. A member of the nomadic people from the steppes of central Asia who invaded Europe in the 13th century.
   • 2020 November 13, Ligaya Mishan, “Once the Disease of Gluttonous Aristocrats, Gout Is Now Tormenting the Masses”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN, archived from the original on 30 November 2020:

     Once gout was confined largely to Western civilization (with some outliers, like the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan); now its ravages are global.

5. A member of the Mongols Motorcycle Club of California, United States.
6. (slang, offensive, ethnic slur) A Turk, particularly in political or Internet discourse by certain neighbors (such as in Greece or the Caucasus) and within Turkey by opponents to suggest a lack of civilization or, in some contexts, to mock the genetic and historical ties between the Turkic and Mongolic peoples.
   • 2020, “TÜRKİYE YUNANİSTAN SINIRINDA ASKERLER (SOLDIERS ON THE TÜRKİYE–GREECE BORDER)”, in YouTube‎:

     —You are malaka! [a wanker] —Malaka goat anan! [is your goat mother!] —Malaka OLOLOLO! —[Answers in Turkish] Malaka goat anandır! [Malaka is your goat mother!] —Mongol! —[Answers in Turkish] Hassiktir ben Türküm! [Fuck you, I am Turkish!]

派生語

関連する語

参考

形容詞

Mongol (comparative more Mongol, superlative most Mongol)

1. Synonym of Mongolian.
   • 1878 March–April, Hoinos, “Æsop in Mongolia”, in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, volume IX, number 2, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, page 118:

     THE following fables are selected from a number which a Mongol teacher dictated in his attempts to familiarise a foreigner with the language of Mongolia. It will be seen at a glance that most of them are not native to the country, but come from a laud abounding with sights and scenes unknown to Mongolia. One or two of them, though, have a very Mongol look about them, and doubtless a good many of them have adopted more or less of a Mongol dress.

   • 1986, Clarence J[oseph] Karier, Scientists of the Mind: Intellectual Founders of Modern Psychology, Urbana, Ill.; Chicago, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, →ISBN, page 183:

     While the social system could thus be improved, [G. Stanley] Hall knew that heredity was more important. He argued that a pound of heredity was “worth a hundredweight of education.” It was necessary to pay attention to better breeding: “The nation that breeds best, be it Mongol, Slav, Teuton or Saxon, will rule the world in the future.”

   • 1997, Sheila Paine, “[Uzbekistan] Shakhrisabz”, in The Golden Horde: Travels from the Himalaya to Karpathos, London: Penguin Books, published 1998, →ISBN, page 145:

     An old woman with a very Mongol face, a bright Uzbek print dress and a shopping bag, got off at every stop and back on again.

   • 2010, Paul D. Buell, Eugene N[ewton] Anderson, “[Juan One] Translation”, in A Soup for the Qan: Chinese Dietary Medicine of the Mongol Era As Seen in Hu Sihui’s Yinshan Zhengyao (Sir Henry Wellcome Asian Series; 9), 2nd edition, Leiden; Boston, Mass.: Brill, →ISBN, part B (Text and Translation), footnote 62, page 287:

     This topping for Iranian bread (or its Chinese derivative shaobing) is truly unique. We know of nothing like it anywhere else. It is also very different from anything else in the YSZY. A very Mongol flavor is implied, if it is not a straight borrowing from nomadic Turks. The “Iranian cakes” are Persian bread (nan), still a staple food in Ningxia and Xinjiang. In the Chinese Islamic Restaurant, a Ningxia Hui restaurant near Los Angeles, we have eaten similar stews with their incomparable nan–style bread. This particular stew, however, is one of the YSZY’s amazing, unique, and creative blendings of Mongol, Near Eastern, and Chinese elements (cf. recipes # 21–23, etc.).

派生語

語源 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

固有名詞

Mongol

1. A Keram language spoken in Papua New Guinea (also known by its native name Mwakai).

参照

• 1992 Webster's New World Encyclopedia. Prentice Hall
• 1970 R C H Davis A History of Medieval Europe. Longman SBN 582 48208 9. P404 et. seq.

アナグラム

• glom on