goutとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 goute, from Old French gote, gute, from Latin gutta (“drop”). Compare Spanish gota (“drop, droplet”). Doublet of goutte and gutta.

The sense shift derived from humorism and "the notion of the 'dropping' of a morbid material from the blood in and around the joints".

発音

• (米国発音) IPA: /ɡaʊt/
• 韻: -aʊt
• (Canada) IPA: [ɡʌut]

名詞

gout (countable and uncountable, plural gouts)

1. (uncountable, pathology) An extremely painful inflammation of joints, especially of the big toe, caused by a metabolic defect resulting in the accumulation of uric acid in the blood and the deposition of urates around the joints.

   Synonyms: crystalline arthritis, gouty arthritis, urarthritis, rich man's disease

   Hypernym: arthritis

   • 2020 November 13, Ligaya Mishan, “Once the Disease of Gluttonous Aristocrats, Gout Is Now Tormenting the Masses”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN, archived from the original on 30 November 2020:

     Once gout was confined largely to Western civilization (with some outliers, like the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan); now its ravages are global.

2. (usually followed by of) A drop; a spurt or splotch.

   Alternative forms: gut, gutt

   Coordinate term: goutte

   • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 136:

     I see thee still, / And on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood.

   • 1832, Thomas Arnold, Godwin and Goda (cont'd.), page 155:

     ... of whose wounds were undefined - and every throb of the veins added length to some of the red streams, that wound down the hollows of the indrawn cheeks - some of them ending in half-clotted gouts or drops.

   • 1896, Samuel Rutherford Crockett, The Grey Man, W. Briggs, page 311:

     ... there sprang a gout of black and oozy blood. Whereat a great cry went up and James Mure fell forward on the sand as one suddenly stricken dead.

   • 1914, Arthur Bernard Cook, Zeus: A Study in Ancient Religion, CUP Archive, page 323:

     ... gouts or drops from the hand of Zeus.

   • 1921, The Bookman's Journal and Print Collector, page 45:

     ... gouts or drops of water on their shield, […]

   • 1981, P. D. James, chapter 20, in Children of Men, page 137:

     [S]mall chunks of rubble and gouts of soot had fallen from the chimney, and were ground into the rug under his unwary feet.

   • 2002, Mercedes Lackey, Eric Flint, Dave Freer, The Shadow of the Lion‎:

     Another blow sent gouts of blood flying, along with gobbets of flesh.

   • 2024 September 28, HarryBlank, “Not Ready for Prime Time”, in SCP Foundation‎, archived from the original on 29 September 2024:

     McInnis staggered back and to his feet, the chair flying aside, as a gout of blood spurted from the open wound. Veiksaar screamed, and reached up to claw at her husband's face with her fingernails.

3. (rare) A disease of wheat and cornstalks, caused by insect larvae.

別の表記

• gowt (obsolete)

派生語

関連する語

• gutter

派生した語

• → Thai: เกาต์ (gáo)

動詞

gout (third-person singular simple present gouts, present participle gouting, simple past and past participle gouted)

1. (intransitive) To spurt.
   • 2001, Stephen King, Peter Straub, Black House:

     Dark blood gouts from the creature's brisket.

参照

語源 2

名詞

gout (plural gouts)

1. Alternative form of gote (“sluice, ditch, drain; vault”).
   • 1800, John RENNIE (the Elder.), Report concerning the drainage of Wildmore Fen and of the East and West Fens, page 5:

     ... Anton's Gout, let it be enlarged to whatever extent it may. The Sill of Anton's Gout is 2 feet 3 inches higher than the Sill of Maud Foster, and the surface of the water, in times when there is a full quantity in the Witham, and as […]

   • 1881, Henry Law, George Rowdon Burnell, Daniel Kinnear Clark, The Rudiments of Civil Engineering, page 555:

     ... Anton's Gout, and the remainder was drained through Maud Foster's Gout, a sluice discharging the waters into Boston Haven, a mile below the town. In 1801, an Act was obtained for the drainage of these fens, the area of which was […]

   • 1889, Edward Peacock, A Glossary of Words Used in the Wapentakes of Manley and Corringham, Lincolnshire, page 239:

     Vast quantities of water were discharged, which used to enter through the Gout at Langare." - Will. Chapman, Facts and Remarks relative to the Witham and the Welland, 1800, p. 29.

   • 1896 January 11, Evesham Advertiser:

     […] reported as to the gout at Aston Somerville […]

語源 3

From French goût.

名詞

gout (plural gouts)

1. (obsolete) Taste; relish.
   • 1838, [Letitia Elizabeth] Landon (indicated as editor), chapter XVIII, in Duty and Inclination: […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 232:

     After a time, however, he became more sensible of the reviving influence proceeding from renewed energy; luxurious indolence had for ever lost to him its goût; […]

   • 1870, The Cook and Housewife's Manual, 5th edition:

     A modern refinement is to put laver in the dripping-pan, which, in basting, imparts a high gout: or a large saddle may be served over a pound and a half of laver, stewed in brown sauce with catsup […]

関連する語