Malayとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Malay Melayu, from Malayu, a kingdom on Sumatra's eastern coast (today's Jambi), mentioned by the Chinese Monk Yijing as 末羅瑜國 and during the Yuan (1271–1368) and Ming (1368–1644) dynasties as 木剌由, 麻里予兒, 巫來由 and 無來由. First attested in English as 1598.

The oldest known inscriptions in the Malay language were found at Kedukan Bukit (dated 673) and Talang Tuo (dated 684), both in the vicinity of Palembang in southern Sumatra, and at Kota Kapur (dated 686) on Bangka island west of Sumatra. Exonymous derivation from Malayalam മല (mala, “mountain”) has not been demonstrated.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /məˈleɪ̯/, /meɪ̯ˈleɪ̯/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈmeɪ̯leɪ̯/, /məˈleɪ̯/
• (Philippines) IPA: /mɐˈlaɪ̯/
• 韻: -eɪ
• Homophone: melee

形容詞

Malay (not comparable)

1. Of or relating to the Malays, a people living in Brunei, on the eastern coast of Sumatra, the islands of Bangka and Belitung, the Riau archipelago and the coastal areas of Kalimantan in Indonesia, in most of Malaysia (states where they are politically dominant), in Singapore and in the southernmost provinces of Thailand.
   • 1955 April, “Notes and News: A Journey through Thailand”, in Railway Magazine, page 286:

     There were not many passengers, and the journey was uneventful until the frontier was reached at Padang Besar, although an armed escort of Malay police accompanied the train from Alor Star.

   • 2008, Preeta Samarasan, Evening is the Whole Day, Fourth Estate, page 124:

     “I heard the Malay fellas talking at the office.”

2. (generally proscribed by Malays and Malaysians) Of or related to Malaysia, its people and/or culture.
3. In, of or otherwise relating to the languages spoken by Malays.

派生語

名詞

Malay (countable and uncountable, plural Malays)

1. (countable) A person of Malay ancestry, referring to a diverse group of Austronesian peoples inhabiting the Malay archipelago and Malay peninsula in Southeast Asia.
2. Type of mild curry made with yoghurt and fruit, usually pineapple or lychee.

   She ordered chicken Malay with rice.

同意語

• (language) Bahasa, Bahasa Malaysia, Bahasa Indonesia

関連する語

• Malaya
• Malayan
• Malaysia

固有名詞

Malay

1. (broad sense) The Malay language, an Austronesian language spoken by most Malay people and by others where it is an official language, including under the name Indonesian.
2. (strict sense) The Malay language, an Austronesian language spoken by most Malay people and by others where it is an official language, excluding the national standard known as Indonesian.
   • 2021 April 25, John Malathronas, “Which languages are easiest – and most difficult – for native English speakers to learn?”, in CNN‎:

     Malay is the lingua franca of several Southeast Asia countries and has been simplified by its use as a second language by non-native speakers.
     For example, the Malay plural is formed by repeating a word twice – buku means book and buku-buku means books.

3. A municipality of Aklan, Philippines.

   Meronyms: Argao, Balabag, Balusbus, Cabulihan, Caticlan, Cogon, Cubay Norte, Cubay Sur, Dumlog, Manoc-Manoc, Motag, Naasug, Nabaoy, Napaan, Poblacion, San Viray, Yapak — barangays of Malay

   Coordinate terms: Altavas, Balete, Banga, Batan, Buruanga, Ibajay, Kalibo, Lezo, Libacao, Madalag, Makato, Malay, Malinao, Nabas, New Washington, Numancia, Tangalan — municipalities of Aklan

派生語

参考

• Malayalam
• Wiktionary’s coverage of Malay terms
• Appendix:Malay Swadesh list for a Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words in Malay

Further reading

• “Malay”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• ISO 639-1 code ms, ISO 639-3 code msa (SIL)
• Ethnologue entry for Malay, msa ⁠, a macrolanguage including:

Related Languages:

• Ethnologue entry for Ambonese Malay, abs ⁠
• Ethnologue entry for Baba Malay, mbf ⁠
• Ethnologue entry for Balinese Malay, mhp ⁠
• Ethnologue entry for Banda Malay, bpq ⁠
• Ethnologue entry for Kupang Malay, mkn ⁠
• Ethnologue entry for Makassar Malay, mfp ⁠

アナグラム

• Lamay, Yamal