abbreviationとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• abbr., abbrv., abbrev.

語源

First attested 1400–50. From 中期英語 abbreviacioun, from Middle French abreviation, from Ecclesiastical Latin abbreviātiō, from Latin ad + breviō (“shorten”), from brevis (“short”). By surface analysis, abbreviate +‎ -ion.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /əˌbɹiː.viˈeɪ.ʃən/
• (General American) IPA: /əˌbɹi.viˈeɪ.ʃn̩/
• 韻: -eɪʃən

名詞

abbreviation (countable and uncountable, plural abbreviations)

1. The result of shortening or reducing; abridgment. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
2. (linguistics) A shortened or contracted form of a word or phrase used to represent the whole, using omission of letters, and sometimes substitution of letters, or duplication of initial letters to signify plurality, including signs such as +, =, @. [Late 16 century.] (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:)

   Hants is an abbreviation of Hampshire.

   • 2024 June 20, Eva Corlett, “Fidlets, fingies and riding a doo: study sheds light on Antarctic English slang”, in The Guardian‎:

     Americans, for example, call newcomers to Antarctica “fingies”, which comes from FNGs – a borrowed military abbreviation that means “Fucking New Guy”.

3. The process of abbreviating. [Mid 16 century.]
4. (music) A notation used in music score to denote a direction, as pp or mf.
5. (music) One or more dashes through the stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers, semiquavers, demisemiquavers, or hemidemisemiquavers.
6. Any convenient short form used as a substitution for an understood or inferred whole.
   • 1946-1947, Harry S. Truman, President Truman's committee on Civil Rights:

     The phrase "civil rights" is an abbreviation for a whole complex of relationships.

7. (biology) Loss during evolution of the final stages of the ancestral ontogenetic pattern.
8. (mathematics) Reduction to lower terms, as a fraction.

使用する際の注意点

• In the linguistic sense, typically used in the phrase "abbreviation of" or "abbreviation for", rather than "abbreviation from".

同意語

• abbreviature; abridgement; abstract; compend; compression; condensation; contraction; curtailment; epitome; reduction; shortcut; summary

反意語

• amplification; dilation; enlargement; expansion; expatiation; extension; production

下位語

• (linguistics): acronym (employing initial letters or syllables); clipping (omitting several letters); initialism (employing initial letters); symbol, sign (employing marks other than letters)

派生語

参照

Further reading

• Abbreviation in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)
• “abbreviation”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
• “abbreviation”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
• "abbreviation" in WordNet 2.0, Princeton University, 2003.