polyglotとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from Attic Greek πολύγλωττος (polúglōttos, “speaking many languages, multilingual”), alternative form of Ancient Greek πολῠ́γλωσσος (polŭ́glōssos, “speaking many languages, multilingual”), from πολῠ́ς (polŭ́s, “a lot of, many”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”)) + Attic Greek γλῶττα (glôtta), Ancient Greek γλῶσσᾰ (glôssă, “tongue; language”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *glōgʰs (“tip of corn”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming o-grade action nouns). The English word is analysable as poly- +‎ -glot.

Noun sense 1 (“publication in several languages”) is probably derived from Late Latin polyglottus, from Attic Greek πολύγλωττος (polúglōttos): see above.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, Canada, dialects of the 米国発音) IPA: /ˈpɒlɪɡlɒt/
• (General American, dialects of CA) IPA: /ˈpɑlɪˌɡlɑt/
• (General Australian) IPA: /ˈpɔlɪɡlɔt/, /ˈpɒlɪɡlɒt/
• ハイフネーション: pol‧y‧glot

名詞

polyglot (plural polyglots)

1. A publication in several languages; specifically, a book (especially a bible) containing several versions of the same subject matter or text in several languages.
   • 1666 October 15 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Samuel Pepys, Mynors Bright, transcriber, “October 5th, 1666”, in Henry B[enjamin] Wheatley, editor, The Diary of Samuel Pepys […], volume VI, London: George Bell & Sons […]; Cambridge: Deighton Bell & Co., published 1895, →OCLC, page 7:

     [T]hose coming to the warehouses' doors fired them, and burned all the books and the pillars of the church, […] A great want thereof there will be of books, specially Latin books and foreign books; and, among others, the Polyglottes and new Bible, which he believes will be presently worth £40 a-piece.

   • 1792, William Newcome, “Arguments Shewing that an Improved Version of the Bible is Expedient”, in An Historical View of the English Biblical Translations: The Expediency of Revising by Authority our Present Translation: And the Means of Executing Such a Revision, Dublin: […] John Exshaw, →OCLC, page 239:

     But ſince that period the biblical apparatus has been much enriched by the publication of polyglots; […]

2. (also figuratively) One who has mastered (especially when able to speak) several languages.

   Synonyms: multilinguist, (both rare) polyglotter, polyglottist, polylinguist

   • c. 1646–1647, James Howell, “VIII. To the Right Honourable My Lord of D.”, in [Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ.] A Third Volume of Familiar Letters of a Fresher Date. […], 3rd edition, volume III, London: […] Humphrey Mos[e]ley, […], published 1655, →OCLC, section, page 15:

     Laſtly, a polyg[l]ot or good linguiſt may alſo be term'd a uſefull learned man, ſpecially if vers'd in School-languages.

3. (also figuratively) A mixture of languages or nomenclatures.
4. (computing)
   1. A file that can be interpreted validly as multiple formats.
      • 2015, Joxean Koret, Elias Bachaalany, “Evading Scanners”, in The Antivirus Hacker’s Handbook, Indianapolis, Ind.: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, part II (Antivirus Software Evasion), page 148:

        If you are interested in polyglot file formats, take a look at the polyglot web page in the Corkami wiki. There are various example polyglots, including a PDF file that is also a valid HTML file with JavaScript, as well as a valid Windows PE executable.

   2. (programming) A program written to be valid in multiple programming languages.
5. (obsolete) A bird able to imitate the sounds of other birds.

別の表記

• polyglott (obsolete)

派生語

• hyperpolyglot

形容詞

polyglot (not comparable)

1. Of a person: speaking, or versed in, many languages; multilingual.

   Synonyms: (archaic) polyglotted, polyglottic, polylingual

   • 1630 August 4 (Gregorian calendar), James Howell, “LVIII. To the Right Hon. the E. R.”, in [Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ.] A New Volume of Familiar Letters, […], 3rd edition, volume II, London: […] Humphrey Mos[e]ley, […], published 1655, →OCLC, section, page 77:

     '[T]is thought the two and twenty Languages which Mythrydates the great Polyglot King of Pontus did ſpeak, wer all within the circumference of Anatolia in regard his dominions extended but a little further: […]

   • 1910 January 12, Ameen Rihani, “On the Wharf of Enchantment”, in The Book of Khalid, New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead and Company, published October 1911, →OCLC, book the first (In the Exchange), page 38:

     For this flyaway son of a Phœnician did not seem to wait for the decision of the polyglot Judges of the Emigration Board.

2. Containing, or made up of, several languages; specifically, of a book (especially a bible): having text translated into several languages.

   Synonyms: polyglossic, polyglottal, polyglottic, (rare) polyglottish

   a polyglot bible    a polyglot lexicon

3. Comprising various (native) linguistic groups; multilingual.

   A polyglot region without a clearly dominant culture may develop an artificial lingua franca, such as Pidgin English in the South Sea.

別の表記

• polyglott (obsolete)

等位語

• 1, monoglot; 2, diglot; 3, triglot; 4, tetraglot; 5, pentaglot; all, omniglot

派生語

関連する語

参考

• bilingual
• monolingual
• multilingual
• parallel text
• trilingual

参照

Further reading

• multilingualism on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• polyglot (book) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• polyglot (computing) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• polyglot (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia