proximusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Proto-Indo-European *prokʷism̥mos, from *prokʷe (whence prope). See also -issimus.

Compare typologically English next (<< Proto-Germanic *nēhwist (“nearest, closest”); equivalent to nigh + -est).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈprɔk.sɪ.mʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈprɔk.si.mus]

形容詞

proximus (superlative, feminine proxima, neuter proximum); first/second declension

superlative degree of prope

1. nearest, next

   Synonyms: vīcīnus, propinquus, contiguus, fīnitimus

   Antonyms: remōtus, longinquus

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.157–158:

     Dēfessī Aeneadae quae proxima lītora cursū
     contendunt petere, et Libyae vertuntur ad ōrās.

     The weary followers of Aeneas hasten to find which [are] the nearest shores along [their] journey, and [so] they turn toward the coast of Libya.

2. adjoining
3. of time – the nearest (in time); of the future: next, following; of the past: most recent, very recently, last
   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.1:

     Quid proximā, quid superiōre nocte ēgerīs, ubi fuerīs, quōs convocāverīs, quid cōnsiliī cēperīs, quem nostrum ignōrāre arbitrāris?

     What did you do last [night], what the night before? Where were you? Whom did you summon? What plan did you decide on? Which of us do you think is unaware?
     (Ablatives of time: proximā, superiōre.)

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

反意語

• ultimus

派生語

派生した語

副詞

proximus

1. superlative degree of prope

名詞

proximus m (genitive proximī); second declension

1. nearest person
2. next person, next one
3. neighbour
   • c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Jerome, Vulgate: Exodus 20.16:

     Non loqueris contra proximum tuum falsum testimonium.

     Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.

語形変化

Second-declension noun.

参照

• “proximus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “proximus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "proximus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “proximus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the atmosphere: aer qui est terrae proximus
    
  • (ambiguous) to be not far away: prope (propius, proxime) abesse
    
  • (ambiguous) (1) last year; (2) next year: proximo anno
    
  • (ambiguous) to be very near the truth: proxime ad verum accedere
    
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “prŏxĭmus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 9: Placabilis–Pyxis, page 489