stoとは 意味・読み方・使い方

派生語

アナグラム

• OTs, ToS, TOs, ost, Tso, OTS, sot, SOT, ots, TOS, OST, TSO

語源 1

From Proto-Italic *staēō, from earlier *staējō, from Proto-Indo-European *sth₂éh₁yeti, stative verb from *steh₂-.

Cognate with Sanskrit तिष्ठति (tíṣṭhati) (root स्था (sthā)), Persian ایستا (istâ, “standing; stopping”), Old Norse standa, Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi), στάσις (stásis), Bulgarian стоя (stoja), 古期英語 standan (whence English stand).

By its appearance through Latin sound laws, this stative verb, against all others of this class in the 2nd conjugation, belongs to the 1st conjugation. The perfect and supine stems are shared with sistō, the corresponding athematic verb from the same Indo-European root.

動詞

stō (present infinitive stāre, perfect active stetī, supine statum); first conjugation, impersonal in the passive

1. to stand

   Synonym: astō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.56:

     “Troiaque, nunc stārēs, Priamīque arx alta, manērēs.”

     “And Troy, you would be standing now, and high citadel of Priam, you would remain!” – Aeneas

2. to stay, remain

   Synonyms: cōnstō, sistō, cōnsistō, remaneō, maneō, haereō

3. to cost, to be set at, stand at (e.g., a price)
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.885–886:

     ‘stat mihi nōn parvō virtūs mea: volnera testor
     armaque, quae sparsī sanguine saepe meō.’

     “My bravery costs me no small [price]: I call to witness my scars
     and weapons, which I have often splattered with my own blood.”
     (Mezentius replies to a request to fight for Turnus.)

4. (Medieval Latin) to be

   Synonyms: adsum, subsum, astō, exstō

   Antonym: desum

5. (Medieval Latin) to be [located at]
6. (Medieval Latin) to live

Conjugation

Passive forms exist only in the third-person singular.

• Stetērai is an early form of stetēre (= stetērunt).

派生語

関連する語

• sistō
• statuō

派生した語

参照

• “sto”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “sto”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “sto”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • I am firmly resolved: stat mihi sententia (Liv. 21. 30.)
    
  • to insist on a point: tenere aliquid; stare in aliqua re
    
  • to abide by one's undertaking: promisso stare
    
  • a thing costs much, little: aliquid magno, parvo stat, constat
    
  • the state is secure: res publica stat (opp. iacet)
    
  • to be on a person's side (not ab alicuius partibus): ab (cum) aliquo stare (Brut. 79. 273)
    
  • the issue of the day was for a long time uncertain: diu anceps stetit pugna
    
  • the victory cost much blood and many wounds, was very dearly bought: victoria multo sanguine ac vulneribus stetit (Liv. 23. 30)
    
  • to ride at anchor: in ancoris esse, stare, consistere
    
  • (ambiguous) my position is considerably improved; my prospects are brighter: meliorem in statum redigor
    
  • (ambiguous) to restore a man to his former position: aliquem in antiquum statum, in pristinum restituere
    
  • (ambiguous) a periodically recurring (annual) sacrifice: sacrificium statum (solemne) (Tusc. 1. 47. 113)
    
  • (ambiguous) to restore the ancient constitution: rem publicam in pristinum statum restituere
    
  • (ambiguous) to endanger the existence of the state: statum rei publicae convellere
    

語源 2

From Proto-Italic *(s)ta(je)-tōd (“must steal”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teh₂y-, see also Hittite [script needed] (tāyezzi), [script needed] (tāyazzi, “to steal”), Old Irish táid (“thief”), Sanskrit तायु (tāyú, “thief”), Avestan 𐬙𐬁𐬫𐬎 (tāyu, “thief”), Ancient Greek τητάω (tētáō, “to deprive”), τηΰσιος (tēǘsios, “deceptive, (in) vain”) (Doric τᾱΰσιος (tāǘsios)).

Failed to survive for its homonymy with the ordinary verb for “stand" (see Etymology 1 above).

動詞

stō (singular future active imperative statōd); first conjugation

1. (Old Latin) to steal
   • 7th–5th century BCE, Duenos inscription:

     𐌉𐌏𐌖𐌄𐌔𐌀𐌕𐌃𐌄𐌉𐌖𐌏𐌔𐌒𐌏𐌉𐌌𐌄𐌃𐌌𐌉𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌍𐌄𐌉𐌕𐌄𐌃𐌄𐌍𐌃𐌏𐌂𐌏𐌔𐌌𐌉𐌔𐌖𐌉𐌓𐌂𐌏𐌔𐌉𐌄𐌃
     𐌀𐌔𐌕𐌄𐌃𐌍𐌏𐌉𐌔𐌉𐌏𐌐𐌄𐌕𐌏𐌉𐌕𐌄𐌔𐌉𐌀𐌉𐌐𐌀𐌊𐌀𐌓𐌉𐌖𐌏𐌉𐌔
     𐌃𐌖𐌄𐌍𐌏𐌔𐌌𐌄𐌃𐌅𐌄𐌂𐌄𐌃𐌄𐌍𐌌𐌀𐌍𐌏𐌌𐌄𐌉𐌍𐌏𐌌𐌃𐌖𐌄𐌍𐌏𐌉𐌍𐌄𐌌𐌄𐌃𐌌𐌀𐌋𐌏𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌏𐌃

     [Iovesāt deivōs qoi mēd mītāt, nei tēd endō cosmis vircō siēd.
     Ast (t)ēd noisi op(p)etoit esiāi pākā rīvois.
     Duenos mēd fēced en mānōm (m)einom duenōi; nē mēd malos (s)tatōd.]

     IOVESATDEIVOSQOIMEDMITATNEITEDENDOCOSMISVIRCOSIED
     ASTEDNOISIOPETOITESIAIPAKARIVOIS
     DVENOSMEDFECEDENMANOMEINOMDVENOINEMEDMALOSTATOD

     The person who sends me prays to the gods, lest the girl be not kind towards thee.
     Without thee […] calm with [these] rivers.
     A good man made me (in good intention?) for a good man; may I not be stolen by an evil man.

参照