shriveとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 shryven, shriven, schrifen, from 古期英語 sċrīfan (“1. to decree, pass judgement, prescribe, 3. (of a priest) to prescribe penance or absolution”), from Proto-West Germanic *skrīban, from late Proto-Germanic *skrībaną, a borrowing from Latin scrībō (“write”).

Compare West Frisian skriuwe (“to write”), Low German schrieven (“to write”), Dutch schrijven (“to write”), German schreiben (“to write”), Danish skrive (“to write”), Swedish skriva (“to write”), Icelandic skrifa (“to write”). More at scribe and scribble.

発音

• enPR: shrīv, IPA: /ˈʃɹaɪv/
• 韻: -aɪv

動詞

shrive (third-person singular simple present shrives, present participle shriving, simple past shrove or shrived, past participle shriven or shrived)

1. (religion, transitive and intransitive) To hear or receive a confession (of sins etc.).
   • c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:

     If he have the condition of a saint and the complexion of a devil, I had rather he should shrive me than wive me.

   • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

     Doubtless he shrives this woman, […] / Else ne'er could he so long protract his speech.

2. (transitive) To free from guilt, to absolve.
   • 1829, Edgar Allan Poe, “Tamerlane”, in Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems:

     I will not madly deem that power
     Of Earth may shrive me of the sin
     Unearthly pride hath revell’d in— […]

   • 1863 November 23, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “The Sicilian’s Tale. King Robert of Sicily.”, in Tales of a Wayside Inn, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 67:

     My sins as scarlet are; let me go hence, / And in some cloister's school of penitence, / Across those stones, that pave the way to heaven, / Walk barefoot, till my guilty soul is shriven!

3. (religion, transitive) To prescribe penance or absolution.
4. (religion, intransitive or reflexive) To confess, and receive absolution.
   • c. 1798-1845, unknown author, The Croppy Boy

     'Twas a good thought, boy, to come here and shrive.

派生語

関連する語

• scribe
• shrift
• Shrove Tuesday

アナグラム

• Shiver, shevri, hivers, shiver