saintとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /seɪnt/
  • 韻: -eɪnt
• (英国発音, as an unstressed, capitalised title) IPA: /sən(t)/, [sn̩(t)], [sɨn(t)]
  • 韻: -ənt
• (英国発音, dialectal) IPA: /sɛnt/
  • 韻: -ɛnt
  • 異形同音異義語: sent, cent, scent

語源 1

From 中期英語 saint, seint, sainct, seinct, sanct, senct, partly from 古期英語 sanct (“saint”) and confluence with Old French saint, seinte (Modern French saint); both from Latin sānctus (“holy, consecrated”, in Late Latin as a noun, “a saint”), past participle of sancīre (“to render sacred, make holy”), akin to sacer (“holy, sacred”). Doublet of Sanctus. Displaced native 中期英語 halwe (“saint”) from 古期英語 hālga (“saint, holy one”) (> Modern English hallow (“saint”)).

名詞

saint (plural saints)

1. (religion, generally) A deceased person whom a church or another religious group has officially recognised as especially holy or godly; one eminent for piety and virtue.

   The Roman Catholic Church proclaimed Kateri Tekakwitha a saint in 2012.

2. (Christianity) One of the blessed in heaven.
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 742–744:

     Then ſhall thy Saints unmixt, and from th' impure / Farr ſeparate, circling thy holy Mount / Unfained Halleluiahs to thee ſing,

3. (Christianity) A Christian; a faithful believer in the present world.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Corinthians 1:2:

     Unto the Church of God which is at Corinth, to them that are sanctified in Christ Iesus, called to be Saints, with all that in euery place call vpon the Name of Iesus Christ our Lord, both theirs and ours.

4. (Mormonism, specifically) Alternative letter-case form of Saint (“a Mormon, a Latter-day Saint”).
5. (figuratively, by extension) A person with similarly overwhelming positive qualities; one who does good.

   Dorothy Day was a living saint.

   Thanks for looking after the house while I'm away. You're a saint!

6. (archaic) A holy object.
   • 1610, The Second Tome of the Holie Bible, […] (Douay–Rheims Bible), Doway: Laurence Kellam, […], →OCLC, Prouerbes 20:25, page 299:

     It is ruine to a man to deuoure ſaintes, and afterward to retracte the vowes.

別の表記

• (holy person): St, St.

同意語

• (holy person): hallow (obsolete)

下位語

• (holy person): holy man (male, nondenominational); arhat (Buddhism); sage (East Asia and philosophical sects); immortal (Taoism); wali (Islamic saint); casis (Islamic saint, historical); sultan (Turkish Sufi saint); martyr (person revered for sacrificing their life for a cause, sometimes inclusive of secular reverence by nations or political parties); confessor (Christian saints other than martyrs); san (male Christian saint in Spanish contexts, usu. as a title); santa (female Christian saint in Spanish contexts, usu. as a title); sainte (female Christian saint in French contexts, usu. as a title)

派生語

See also the lists of derived terms at Saint and St

関連する語

参考

• hallow, holy

語源 2

From 中期英語 saynten, seinten, sonten, partly from Anglo-Norman saintir and partly from the noun 中期英語 seint, seynt (see above).

動詞

saint (third-person singular simple present saints, present participle sainting, simple past and past participle sainted)

1. (transitive) Synonym of canonize: to honor, formally name, or revere as a saint.

   Many Catholics wished to see Pope John Paul II sainted immediately after his death.

語源 3

From the pattern of naming various parishes and other places for Christian saints.

接頭辞

saint

1. (Can we verify this sense?) (toponymy) Capitalized and placed before another term, particularly personal names, to create placename without direct association to any religious character.

使用する際の注意点

May be used for either male or female names. May be combined with the other word using a hyphen, particularly following French examples.

別の表記

• St, St.

等位語

• san (male only); sainte, santa (female only)

Further reading

• “saint”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “saint”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

アナグラム

• stain, stian, Sinta, Natsi, tians, insta-, Tians, Astin, Santi, tisan, satin, sat in, naits, Insta, Tanis, antis