shamanとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from German Schamane, from Russian шама́н (šamán), from Evenki шама̄н (şamān), сама̄н (samān), from Proto-Tungusic *samān. The Evenki word is possibly derived from the root ша- (şa-, “to know”); or else a loanword from Tocharian B ṣamāne (“monk”) or Chinese 沙門 / 沙门 (shāmén, “Buddhist monk”), from Pali samaṇa from Sanskrit श्रमण (śramaṇa, “ascetic, monk, devotee”), from श्रम (śrama, “weariness, exhaustion; labor, toil; etc.”), which would make this a doublet of sramana.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈʃɑːmən/, /ˈʃæmən/
• 韻: -ɑːmən, -æmən
• (General American) IPA: /ˈʃɑːmən/, /ˈʃeɪmən/, /ʃəˈmɑːn/
• 韻: -ɑːmən, -eɪmən, -ɑːn

名詞

shaman (plural shamans)

1. A traditional faith healer.

   Synonym: witch doctor

2. A member of certain tribal societies who acts as a spiritual or religious medium between the concrete and spirit worlds; sometimes also a healer.

   Hyponym: wu (Chinese shaman)

   Near-synonyms: medicine man, medicine woman, priest-doctor, witch doctor

   • 2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Tuchanka:

     Shepard: What rites did you go through to become chief shaman?
     Shaman: Becoming the shaman is excruciating. I passed through rites that made me wish to die. I carry the scars on my soul.
     Shaman: I must perform rites each dawn and dusk to keep me bound into our krogan nature. Our spirit is one of violence and death. I must be attuned to that.

使用する際の注意点

• The plural form is shamans, not shamen; the etymologically-consistent plural form from the original Evenki is shamasal, but this form sees no use in English; the plural form shamans is, however, universally accepted.

派生語

派生した語

• → Hindi: शामन (śāman)

参照

アナグラム

• Ashman, Hamans, Mahans, ashman