singulusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Uncertain. Theories include:

• From Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one”) + *gʰ- (distributive particle). Compare Ancient Greek δίχα (díkha, “in two”), Albanian gjithë (“whole”), and Old Armenian եզ (ez, “one”).
• From Proto-Indo-European *sem + *-go- + *-ló-s. Compare Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌺𐌻𐍃 (ainakls, “alone”), Ancient Greek ἵγγιᾱ (híngiā, “one(?)”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈsɪŋ.ɡʊ.ɫʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈsiŋ.ɡu.lus]

数詞

singulus (feminine singula, neuter singulum); first/second-declension numeral

1. (in the plural) one each, one apiece
2. each one, every one
   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.5:

     [...] crēscit in diēs singulōs hostium numerus; [...].

     The enemy grows more numerous with each [passing] day.

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.16:

     in singula diei tempora

     in every hour of the day

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.17:

     Caesar cum [...] singulas legiones appellaret

     when Caesar addressed every legion

   • c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, De brevitate vitae 13:

     Persequi singulos longum est quorum aut latrunculi aut pila aut excoquendi in sole corporis cura consumpsere uitam.

     It would be tedious to mention all the different men who have spent the whole of their life over chess or ball or the practice of baking their bodies in the sun.

3. one at a time, one by one
4. separate, single

使用する際の注意点

In Classical Latin, this adjective was used only in the plural, functioning as the distributive form of the numeral 1. Thus, the English descendant single is somewhat of a false friend: Classical Latin used other words such as ūnus, singulāris, sōlus when a grammatically singular adjective with the sense of "lone", "sole", "single", "singular" was needed (although singulus can be found with this sense pre- and post-classically).

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

派生語

• singulāris
• singulārius
• singulātim/ singillātim

派生した語

From diminutive *singellus:

参照

Further reading

• “singuli”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "singulus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “singuli”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • year by year; day by day: singulis annis, diebus
    
  • from day to day: in dies (singulos)
    
  • corn had gone up to 50 denarii the bushel: ad denarios L in singulos modios annona pervenerat
    
• singuli in Dizionario Latino, Olivetti