siberiaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Adopted in the 16th century, probably via Latin Sibēria, from Russian Сиби́рь (Sibírʹ) + -ia. In origin the Tatar name of a 14th-century fortress at Qashliq (Tobolsk) which became the capital of the 16th-century Khanate of Sibir, in 16th century Russian usage extended to the entire area of what is now Tyumen Oblast, and with the ongoing Russian conquest of Siberia by the 19th century to the larger area of Russia's Asian territories beyond the Ob River.

The figurative sense in English arises in the 19th century (attested in 1841 according to the OED).

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: [saɪˈbɪə̯.ɹi.ə]
• (米国発音) IPA: [saɪˈbɪɹiə]
• ハイフネーション: Si‧be‧ria
• 韻: -ɪɹiə
• 韻: -ɪəɹiə

固有名詞

Siberia

1. The region of Russia in Asia, stretching from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean.

   Synonym: Sibir

   • 1591, G[iles] Fletcher[, the Elder], “The Description of the Countrie of Russia, with the Breadth, Length, and Names of the Shires”, in Of the Russe Common Wealth. […], London: […] T[homas] D[awson] for Thomas Charde, →OCLC, folios 2, recto – 3, recto:

     The other countries or prouinces which the Ruſſe Emperours haue gotten perforce added of late to their other dominion, are theſe with follow Twerra, Youghoria, Permia, Vadska, Boulghoria, Chernigo, Oudoria, Obdoria, Condora, with a great part of Siberia: where the people though they be not natural Ruſſes, yet obey the Emperour of Ruſſia, and are ruled by the lawes of his countrie, paying cuſtomes and taxes, as his owne people doe. […] The breadth (if you go from that part of his territorie that lieth fartheſt Weſtwarde on the Narue ſide, to the parts of Siberia eaſtward, where the Emperour hath his garriſons) is 4400. verſt or thereabouts.

派生語

• Siberian
• Siberian husky
• Siberian flying squirrel
• Siberian tiger

名詞

Siberia (plural Siberias)

1. (figuratively) A cold, inhospitable place or place of exile.

参照

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [sɪˈbeː.ri.a]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [siˈbɛː.ri.a]

固有名詞

Sibēria f sg (genitive Sibēriae); first declension

1. (New Latin) Siberia (the region of Russia in Asia)
   • 1586, Mikita Bassenka Nicephori, Zacharias Suiazeuius, “Litteræ Compositionis Pacis Legatorum Magni Moscouiæ Ducis”, in Antonius Posseuinus, Moscouia [Muscovy], Vilnæ [Vilnius]: […] Ioannem Velicensem, →OCLC, folio 166, verso:

     Dei gratia Magni Domini, Czar atqꝫ Magni Ducis Ioannis Baſilij totius Ruſſiæ, Volodimiriæ, Moſcouiae, Nouogardiæ, Czar Caſani, & Czar Aſtracani, Domini Pleſcouiæ, & Magni Ducis Smolenſciæ, Tueriæ, Iueriæ, Permiæ, Viatciæ, Bulgariæ & aliorum, Domini & Magni Ducis Nouogardiæ, Niſouienſis terræ, Czernihouiæ, Reſaniæ, Roſtouiæ, Iaroſlauiæ, Belozeriæ, Liuoniæ, Vdoriæ, Obdoriæ, Condimiæ, Siberiæ, & aliorum: […]

     By the grace of God, the Great Lord, Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan, [son] of Vasili, of all Russia, Volodymyr, Muscovy, Novgorod, Tsar of Kazan, and Tsar of Astrakhan, Lord of Pskov, and Grand Duke of Smolensk, Tuva, Iveria, Perm, Viatsia, Bulgaria etcetera, Lord and Grand Duke of Novgorod, the land of Nisov, Chernigov, Resania, Rostov, Yaroslav, Belozeriya, Livonia, Udoria, Obdoria, Kondimia, Siberia, etcetera: […]

   • 1599, Conradus Samuel Schurzfleischius, “Steph. Ratz. Cosacus”, in Opera Historica Politica, […], Berollini [Berlin]: […] Heinr. Joh. Meieri, →OCLC, page 722:

     Nam im auctus eſt iſte titulus, ut praeſcripto Magni Tzaris et magni Ducis nomine, poſt qvaedam verba initium tituli abſolventia Moſchorum Imperator qvoque appelletur Tzar Caſani, et Tzar Aſtracham, Tzar Siberiae, ac demum non procul fine, Carthalinicorum et Gruſinicorum Tzarium dominus atqve dominator.

     For this title has been expanded, so that when the name of the Great Tsar and Grand Duke has been given, after certain words completing the beginning of the title, the Emperor of the Moscovites is also called Tsar of Kazan, and Tsar of Astrakhan, Tsar of Siberia, and finally, not far from the end, lord and ruler of the Tsars of the Carthalinians and the Gruzinians.

語形変化

First-declension noun, singular only.