sidusとは意味・読み方・使い方

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/01/25 16:46 UTC 版)

語源

Tentatively thought to derive from a Proto-Italic *sīþos (“mark, target”), with a putative semantic shift (from hunters' jargon) from "target" > "star". Further origin unclear, with multiple theories proposed:

Some derive this from Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“sweat”), whence Latin sūdor, Ancient Greek ἱδρώς (hidrṓs), English sweat; however there are phonetic problems, most notably the initial /s/ in Greek instead of expected */h/.
Rix, connecting the word to Ancient Greek ῑ̓θῠ́ς (īthŭ́s, “straight, just”) and Sanskrit साध् (sādh, “to go straight to a goal”), derives the terms from a Proto-Indo-European *seHdʰ- (“to achieve a goal”), and the Latin from a reduplicative form *si-sHdʰ-u- > *sisd ʰu- > *sizdu- > *sīdu-. This is semantically tenuous.
Compare Ancient Greek σίδηρος (sídēros, “iron”). This is semantically unconvincing.
Possibly borrowed from a substrate.
Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *sh₂i-dʰ h₁-o- (“binding”), from *sh₂ey- (“to bind, tie, fasten”), whence saeculum (“age, race, generation”). De Vaan tentatively prefers this derivation.

発音

(Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsiː.dus/, [ˈs̠iːd̪ʊs̠]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsi.dus/, [ˈsiːd̪us]

名詞

sīdus n (genitive sīderis); third declension

group of stars, constellation, asterism
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.457–458:
  
  Intereā Delphīn clārum super aequora sīdus tollitur
  
  Meanwhile the Dolphin, a bright constellation, is being risen over the surface of the sea
a star

Synonyms: astēr, astrum, stēlla
(poetic) the night sky
(figuratively) a season (of the year)

語形変化

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

	singular	plural
nominative	sīdus	sīdera
genitive	sīderis	sīderum
dative	sīderī	sīderibus
accusative	sīdus	sīdera
ablative	sīdere	sīderibus
vocative	sīdus	sīdera

派生語

cōnsīderō
dēsīderō
sīderālis
sīdereus
sīderor

派生した語

→ Italian: sido

参考

参照

“sidus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“sidus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
sidus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
- a star-light night: nox sideribus illustris
- the fixed stars: sidera certis locis infixa
- astronomy: astrologia (pure Latin sidera, caelestia)
- an astronomer: spectator siderum, rerum caelestium or astrologus
“sidus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper 's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
“sidus”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sīdus-, -eris”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 562-3

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sīdus-, -eris”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 562-3

sidusとは意味・読み方・使い方

Wiktionary英語版での「sidus」の意味

sidus

語源

発音

名詞

語形変化

派生語

派生した語

参考

参照

Weblio例文辞書での「sidus」に類似した例文

sidus

「sidus」のお隣キーワード

sidusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

Wiktionary英語版での「sidus」の意味

sidus

語源

発音

名詞

語形変化

派生語

派生した語

参考

参照

Weblio例文辞書での「sidus」に類似した例文

sidus

「sidus」のお隣キーワード

sidusとは意味・読み方・使い方