typicalとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Late Latin typicalis, from Latin typicus (“typical”), from Ancient Greek τυπικός (tupikós, “of or pertaining to a type, conformable, typical”), from τύπος (túpos, “mark, impression, type”), equivalent to typic +‎ -al and type +‎ -ical.

発音

• IPA: /ˈtɪp.ɪ.kəl/, [ˈtɪp.ɪ.kəɫ], [ˈtɪp.ɪ.kɫ̩]
• ハイフネーション: typ‧i‧cal

形容詞

typical (comparative more typical, superlative most typical)

1. Capturing the overall sense of a thing.
2. Characteristically representing something by form, group, idea or type.

   Hyponym: emblematic

   • 2010, Göran Grimvall, “Chapter 1: Numbers”, in Quantify! A Crash Course in Smart Thinking, Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN:

     Compare this with, for instance, the heights of adult humans. They certainly lie within half an order of magnitude from a mean of about 1.7 m, being within the interval 5.4–0.54 m (18–1.8 ft). It is obvious from our three examples—the height of a person, household income in the United States, and the area of EU countries—that the concept of what is typical or characteristic depends on the case one refers to. Nevertheless, even vague measures can have a useful meaning in a comparison with something that is very different. For instance, the area of EU countries is typically much larger than the area of the city of New York, although Malta is actually smaller.

3. Normal, average; to be expected.
   • 1989 February 6 [1989 February 4], “Spring Festival”, in Daily Report: China, number 023, sourced from Beijing CHINA DAILY p 4, →ISSN, →OCLC, National Affairs, page 30, column 1:

     Also perpetual is the practice of extending greetings and best wishes for a happy and prosperous New Year.
     The most typical traditional greeting is gong xi fa cai (for prosperity). And it certainly has been the most appropriate one since China in late 1978 denounced the political upheaval of the "cultural revolution" (1966-76) and launched its large-scale reform and development programmes.

   • 2006, Edwin Black, chapter 2, in Internal Combustion‎:

     One typical Grecian kiln engorged one thousand muleloads of juniper wood in a single burn. Fifty such kilns would devour six thousand metric tons of trees and brush annually.

4. (taxonomy) Of a lower taxon, containing the type of the higher taxon.
   • 2013 September 9, Raymond G. Gagné, John C. Moser, “The North American gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of hackberries (Cannabaceae: Celtis spp.)”, in Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, volume 49:

     Celticecis species are definitely known only from the typical subgenus of Celtis, distributed through much of the Holarctic Region.

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:common

反意語

• atypical

派生語

関連する語

• typal
• type
• typic

参考

• gestalt
• gist
• resemblance
• emblematic
• prefigurative
• distinctive

名詞

typical (plural typicals)

1. Anything that is typical, normal, or standard.

   Antipsychotic drugs can be divided into typicals and atypicals.

   Among the moths, typicals were more common than melanics.

Further reading

• “typical”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “typical”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

アナグラム

• clay pit, claypit