astusとは意味・読み方・使い方

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/07/22 16:31 UTC 版)

語源

Of uncertain origin. Suggestions include:

from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd-*sth₂u- (“a standing by”), from *steh₂-, thus formed to astō (“to stand by”) like the verb praestō to the adverb of the same form, with a by-form praestū. In this case the full nominal declension is secondary;
from Ancient Greek ἄστυ (ástu), from the common characterization of city-dwellers as more intelligent, also seen in urbānus; however, in the latter this appears to be a Late Republican development.
from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱst-, Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) - compare Lithuanian aksti̇̀s, Latvian aksts (“prickle, sharp point”), Proto-Celtic *akstīno- (“furze, gorse”). In this case, the Proto-Italic form would be *akstus.

A long vowel is once attested for ā̆stūtia, which would be unexpected but paralleled by ācer. Attested since Plautus (second half of the 3d century BCE).

発音

(Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈaːs.tʊs], [ˈas.tʊs]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈas.t̪us]

名詞

ā̆stus m (genitive ā̆stūs); fourth declension

(usually in the ablative) (by) craft, cunning, guile (with a positive or negative connotation)
(usually in the plural) tricks, stratagems

使用する際の注意点

The ablative singular astū is the only form used from Old Latin up through Ovid.

語形変化

Fourth-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	ā̆stus	ā̆stūs
genitive	ā̆stūs	ā̆stuum
dative	ā̆stuī	ā̆stibus
accusative	ā̆stum	ā̆stūs
ablative	ā̆stū	ā̆stibus
vocative	ā̆stus	ā̆stūs

同意語

dolus
calliditās

派生語

ā̆stūtus
ā̆stūtia

参考

astū

参照

↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “astus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 59

“astus” on page 212 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
“astus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“astus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
"astus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
astus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

[De_Vaan-1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “astus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 59

astusとは意味・読み方・使い方

Wiktionary英語版での「astus」の意味

astus

語源

発音

名詞

使用する際の注意点

語形変化

同意語

派生語

参考

参照

Further reading

「astus」のお隣キーワード

astusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

Wiktionary英語版での「astus」の意味

astus

語源

発音

名詞

使用する際の注意点

語形変化

同意語

派生語

参考

参照

Further reading

「astus」のお隣キーワード

astusとは意味・読み方・使い方