afforとは 意味・読み方・使い方

前置詞

affor

1. Obsolete spelling of afore (“before, in advance of the time of”).
   • 1501 Testamenta Eboracensia: A Selection of Wills from the Registry at York Vol. IV (1869, York District Probate Registry, England), page 196:

     providid that if it happen one of theym to decesse affor sche be maried, her porcion to be disposed to th’use and behove of Robert my son […]

   • 1630-1650, William Bradford, journal, as quoted by Janet Farrell Brodie, Contraception and Abortion in Nineteenth-Century America (1994, Cornell University Press), page 38:

     prayed him to forgive her, for Lyford had overcome her, and defiled her body before mariage affor he had comended him onto her for a husband.

   • 1881, John Matthias Weylland, Our Veterans: Life-stories of the London City Mission, page 168:

     I was in here four times, and went out to try to get on, but couldn't, affor I comed in sixteen years ago, and my old woman was in affor she died.

2. Obsolete spelling of afore (“before, geographically or metaphorically in front of”).
   • 16C, title unavailable, as quoted by Arthur Geoffrey Dickens, Clifford Letters of the Sixteenth Century (1962), volume [illegible], page 116:

     She wold have putt in her bill of complant affor my Lord of Richmonde’s counsell.

   • 1856, the Rev. F. R. Raines, M.A., F.S.A., “Examynatyons Towcheynge Cokeye More”, in Remains Historical and Literary Connected with the Palatine Counties of Lancaster and Chester, volume 37 (Chetham Society), page 20:

     Theyn he and v other psons y ys to wytt Jħn Walker Wyllyā Haslű Thomas ffleccher Perys Holt ƿ Rog’ Leyu’ testefyed this mat’ for thrwe affor me lord the Justys of Lanchast.

引用

• 1502, James Raine, John William Clay, Testamenta Eboracensia: Illustrative of the History, Manners, Language, Statistics, Etc.‎, volume IV, York, England: J. B. Nichols, published 1869, page 126:

  if it please Gode, my body to be buryed in Seynt Trinite kyrke in Hull, affor the Sacrament, of the north syd of the yle

参照

• Andrew E. Benjamin; Peter Osborne (1994), Walter Benjamin's Philosophy: Destruction and Experience, Routledge, page 128: “The Latin prefix ad-, and accordingly af-, marks the opening of an act, and of an act of opening, as in the very appropriate example of affor, meaning ‘addressing’, for example when taking leave.”

語源

From ad- +‎ for (“speak, say”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈaf.fɔr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈaf.for]

動詞

affor (present infinitive affārī, perfect active affātus sum); first conjugation, deponent

1. to speak to, address, accost, implore
2. (in a passive sense) to fix the use of the auspices, to be destined
3. to bid farewell to the dead, take the last adieu

Conjugation

• In Classical Latin, affor was exceedingly rare, and mostly found in the third-person present indicative, with many other present indicative forms not being attested, or attested only once.

派生語

• affābilis
• affātus

参照

• “affor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “affor”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.