aliumとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈa.li.ũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈaː.li.um]

限定詞

alium

1. accusative masculine singular of alius

語源 2

Unknown according to De Vaan (2008). May be connected to āla (“wing”), on the image of the garlic bulb being divided into "wings"; for a similar derivation from garlic being "cloven" cf. the etymology of German Knoblauch (“garlic”). It has also been compared with the Greek gloss of ἄλλην (állēn) as 'vegetables' "among the Italians", which may stem from another Italic language, and if so, has no direct bearing on the etymological consideration of Latin ālium.

Based only on the form allium, Kroonen (2012) suggests that it may be a borrowing from the root of Ancient Greek ἄγλις (áglis), specifically via a byform *adlī-. See the Ancient Greek entry for more. This assumption of Proto-Italic *alljom agrees with Ancient Greek ἀλλᾶς (allâs, “sausage”) (plural ἀλλᾶντες (allântes)), which could reflect earlier *αλλᾱϝεντ- (*allāwent-, “sausage seasoned with garlic”), a derivation from the Italic stem *all- with Proto-Hellenic *-wénts (though this suffix is regularly reflected in Greek as -(ϝ)εις (-(w)eis)).

According to Roberts, from Proto-Indo-European *ālu- (“bitter plant”).

別の表記

• āleum, allium

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈaː.li.ũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈaː.li.um]

名詞

ālium n (genitive āliī or ālī); second declension

1. garlic, onion

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

派生した語

参考

• ālum (“wild garlic”)

参照

Further reading

• “alium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “alium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "alium", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “alium”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) he is a young man of great promise: adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit or alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt
    
• “alium”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly