bonificationとは 意味・読み方・使い方

名詞

bonification (countable and uncountable, plural bonifications)

1. The paying of a bonus (especially in relation to taxes).
   • 1867, Congressional Serial Set‎:

     We beg leave to state that on high colors cut by ten yards, (instead of twelve yards for ordinary colors,) there is a bonification of eight per cent.

   • 1893, Congressional Series of United States Public Documents‎, volume 3128, page 241:

     A bonification of the mash and material tax at the former rate will be paid only on exportations to foreign countries, since all the German states have accepted the alcohol-tax law of June 24, 1887.

   • 1903, “The German private export premium system”, in Board of Trade Journa‎, volume 39:

     The amount of the bonifications is to be fixed quarterly.

   • 2012, William Gouge, History of Paper Money and Banking‎:

     Besides the commission allowed him for purchasing the cotton and tobacco, which amounted to about $40,000, the witness said he received a "bonification commission" on the return or processed of sales, which amounted to upwards of $20,000 or more--making his compensation as agent rising $60,000.

   • 2013, Joseph Jaffe, Z.E.R.O.: Zero Paid Media as the New Marketing Model‎:

     Obviously, if the bonifications are received in cash, some risky creative bookkeeping is required on the agency side.

2. (by extension) A bonus that improves the score of a competitor who achieves a milestone.
   • 2015, Suze Clemitson, P Is For Peloton: The A-Z Of Cycling, page 18:

     Somewhat confusingly, the bonification – or bonus – is subtracted from the rider's time, not added to it.

3. An act or process of improvement.
   • 1945, Supplements to the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, page 83:

     But they also know that, in an area where bonification has been completed, and where in consequence, the inhabitants settle permanently in better houses and in all the other circumstances of a moderately good standard of life, malaria tends more or less quickly to lose its importance as a cause of sickness and death.

   • 2017, Chris Brennan, Hellenistic Astrology: The Study of Fate and Fortune, page 471:

     In terms of inferring what the corresponding condition of bonification is here if the malefics are able to maltreat through a simple sign-based opposition, I would suggest that the answer is the trine.

   • 2021, Randall M. Packard, The Making of a Tropical Disease: A Short History of Malaria, page 127:

     The Malaria Commission's appreciation of the role of social and economic advancement was influenced in part by early Italian success in eliminating malaria through a policy of generalized rural uplift known as bonifica integrale, or bonification, begun after World War I.

関連する語

• bonify