culpaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音, 米国発音) IPA: /ˈkʊlpə/, /ˈkʌlpə/
• 韻: -ʊlpə, -ʌlpə
• Homophone: kalpa (one pronunciation)

名詞

culpa (plural culpae)

1. (Ancient Rome, law) Negligence or fault, as distinguishable from dolus (deceit, fraud), which implies intent, culpa being imputable to defect of intellect, dolus to defect of heart.
   • 1849, James G. Butler, A Summary of the Roman Civil Law:

     Every actual delict presupposes a dolus or culpa, with the concomitant consciousness and prepense

関連する語

アナグラム

• capul

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈkʊɫ.pa]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈkul.pa]

名詞

culpa f (genitive culpae); first declension

1. fault, defect, weakness, frailty, temptation
2. blame, guilt
   • Titivillus in culpa est.

     Titivillus is at fault [for introducing the errata in a copy of a manuscript].

3. crime, punishable act, mischief, sin

   Synonyms: dēlīctum, peccātum, scelus, vitium, noxa, crīmen, facinus, iniūria, malum, error, flāgitium, dēlinquentia, commissum, maleficium

   Antonyms: bonum, rēctum, virtūs

4. specifically, regarding sexual misconduct or unchastity
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.18-19:

     “[...] sī nōn pertaesum thalamī taedaeque fuisset,
     huic ūnī forsan potuī succumbere culpae.”

     “[...] if it had not been [for my] weariness of the marriage torch and bridal chamber, I would have been able to succumb to this one fault.”
     (Did had pledged never to remarry; cf. Aeneid 4.172. Page, T.E. [1967], notes culpae as “a favorite euphemism in connection with love.”)

語形変化

First-declension noun.

派生語

派生した語

参照

Further reading

• “culpa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “culpa”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "culpa", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “culpa”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • a guilty conscience: conscientia mala or peccatorum, culpae, sceleris, delicti
    
  • to be conscious of no ill deed: nullius culpae sibi conscium esse
    
  • to be free from blame: extra culpam esse
    
  • to be almost culpable: affinem esse culpae
    
  • to put the blame on another: culpam in aliquem conferre, transferre, conicere
    
  • to attribute the fault to some one: culpam alicui attribuere, assignare
    
  • to commit some blameworthy action: culpam committere, contrahere
    
  • to commit some blameworthy action: facinus, culpam in se admittere
    
  • to bear the blame of a thing: culpam alicuius rei sustinere
    
  • to exonerate oneself from blame: culpam a se amovere
    
  • (ambiguous) to be at fault; to blame; culpable: in culpa esse
    
  • (ambiguous) some one is to blame in a matter; it is some one's fault: culpa alicuius rei est in aliquo
    
  • (ambiguous) it is my fault: mea culpa est
    
  • (ambiguous) to be free from blame: culpa carere, vacare
    
  • (ambiguous) to be free from blame: abesse a culpa
    
  • (ambiguous) to be almost culpable: prope abesse a culpa
    
• “culpa”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “culpa”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “cŭlpa”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 1497

語源 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

動詞

culpā

1. second-person singular present active imperative of culpō