exercitusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• exercitus:
  • (Classical Latin) IPA: [ɛkˈsɛr.kɪ.tʊs]
  • (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [eɡˈzɛr.t͡ʃi.tus]
• exercitūs:
  • (Classical Latin) IPA: [ɛkˈsɛr.kɪ.tuːs]
  • (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [eɡˈzɛr.t͡ʃi.tus]

Participle

exercitus (feminine exercita, neuter exercitum); first/second-declension participle

1. occupied, exercised, practised
2. vexed, harassed
3. vexatious, severe
4. disciplined

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

語源 2

From exerceō (“to occupy oneself, oversee; work at, practice, exercise”) +‎ -tus (action noun forming suffix).

名詞

exercitus m (genitive exercitūs); fourth declension

1. (abstract, Plautine):
   1. exercice

      Synonyms: exercitāmentum, exercitātiō, exercitiō, exercitium

      • c. 211 BCE, Plautus, Rudens 2.1.7–8:

        Piscatores: ex urbe ad mare huc prodimus pabulatum:
        pro exercitu gymnastico et palaestrico hoc habemus.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi 1.2.43–46, (here used as a springboard for a wordplay on the double meaning of exercitus):

        Eheu, huic illud dolet,
        quia nunc remissus est edendi exercitus. ―
        Nullumne interea nactu's, qui posset tibi
        remissum quem dixti imperare exercitum?

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   2. trouble, affliction
      • c. 203 BCE, Plautus, Cistellaria 1.1.56:

        Noli, obsecro, lacrumis tuis mi exercitum imperare.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (concrete):
   1. (military) an exercised, disciplined body of men, an army
      • 4th century AD, St. Jerome, Vulgate, Book of Joshua 8.9–10, (Trans. Douay-Rheims Bible, Challoner rev. Link to Josue (Joshua) Chapter 8 in parallel Latin Vulgate & English Douay-Rheims):

        Dīmīsitque eōs, et perrēxērunt ad locum īnsidiārum, sēdēruntque inter Bethel et Hāī, ad occidentālem plāgam urbis Hāī: Jōsue autem nocte illā in mediō mānsit populī, surgēnsque dīlūculō recēnsuit sociōs, et ascendit cum seniōribus in fronte exercitūs, vāllātus auxiliō pugnātōrum.

        And he sent them away, and they went on to the place of the ambush, and abode between Bethel and Hai, on the west side of the city of Hai. But Josue stayed that night in the midst of the people, And rising early in the morning, he mustered his soldiers, and went up with the ancients in the front of the army environed with the aid of the fighting men.

   2. the assembly of the people in the Comitia Centuriata, as being a military organization
   3. (poetic) a multitude, host, swarm, flock
   4. a troop, body of attendants

語形変化

Fourth-declension noun.

派生した語

参照

• “exercĭtus¹”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “exercĭtus²”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “exercitus¹”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “exercitus²”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "exercitus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “exercitus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 624.
• exercitus in Georges, Karl Ernst; Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 1, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, column 2549
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to provide corn-supplies for the troops: frumentum providere exercitui
    
  • to place some one at the head of an army, give him the command: praeficere aliquem exercitui
    
  • to be at the head of an army: praeesse exercitui
    
  • (ambiguous) to raise an army: exercitum conficere (Imp. Pomp. 21. 61)
    
  • (ambiguous) to levy troops: milites (exercitum) scribere, conscribere
    
  • (ambiguous) to equip an army, troops: parare exercitum, copias
    
  • (ambiguous) to support an army: alere exercitum (Off. 1. 8. 25)
    
  • (ambiguous) to review an army: recensere, lustrare, recognoscere exercitum (Liv. 42. 31)
    
  • (ambiguous) to disband an army: dimittere exercitum
    
  • (ambiguous) a numerous army: ingens, maximus exercitus (not numerosus)
    
  • (ambiguous) soldiers collected in haste; irregulars: milites tumultuarii (opp. exercitus iustus) (Liv. 35. 2)
    
  • (ambiguous) mercenary troops: milites mercennarii or exercitus conducticius
    
  • (ambiguous) to advance with the army: procedere cum exercitu
    
  • (ambiguous) to march down on to..: agmen, exercitum demittere in...
    
  • (ambiguous) to advance on..: exercitum admovere, adducere ad...
    
  • (ambiguous) to lead the army to the fight: exercitum educere or producere in aciem
    
  • (ambiguous) to draw up forces in battle-order: aciem (copias, exercitum) instruere or in acie constituere
    
  • (ambiguous) to annihilate, cut up the enemy, an army: hostes, exercitum delere, concīdere
    
  • (ambiguous) the victorious army: exercitus victor
    
  • (ambiguous) to embark an army: exercitum in naves imponere (Liv. 22. 19)
    
• “exercitus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “exercitus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin