exとは 意味・読み方・使い方

接尾辞

-ex

1. Used to construct company and product names that borrow meaning from the root word.

派生語

アナグラム

• XE, xe

語源

From 中期英語, from words borrowed from Middle French; from Latin ex (“out of, from”), from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ-, *eǵs- (“out”), *eǵʰs. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐξ (ex, “out of, from”), Transalpine Gaulish ex- (“out”), Old Irish ess- (“out”), Old Church Slavonic изъ (izŭ, “out”), Russian из (iz, “from, out of”).

発音

• IPA: (hyphened always) /ɛks/
• IPA: (unhyphened with primary or secondary stress) /ɛks/, (before a vowel) /ɛɡz/
• IPA: (unhyphened unstressed) /ɪks/, (before a vowel) /ɪɡz/

接頭辞

ex-

1. out of

   borrowed from Latin: extract, expel, except, expression, exclusion

2. outside

   ex-directory; borrowed from Latin: exterior

3. former

   ex-husband, ex-president, ex-wife

   • 1969 December 7, “Full Frontal Nudity”, in Monty Python's Flying Circus‎, season 1, episode 8, spoken by Mr Praline (John Cleese), Dead Parrot sketch:

     This parrot is no more. It has ceased to be. It's expired and gone to see its maker. This is a late parrot. It's a stiff. Bereft of life, it rests in peace. If you hadn't nailed it to the perch it would be pushing up the daisies. It's run down the curtain and joined the choir invisible. This is an ex-parrot.

   • 2018 April 16, Stephen Collinson, “Trump now faces Comey’s moral assault”, in CNN‎:

     While he may not deserve to be branded a “slimeball,” as Trump did on Sunday, Comey does risk coming across as a disgruntled ex-employee and someone seeking vengeance for his dismissal. He has a highly developed sense of his own morality and sometimes comes across as holier than thou.

   • 2023 September 30, CSX8600, “September 2023 Update”, in Mesabrook Blog‎:

     A major event involves an ex-member of our build team. Due to a lack of legal protection on Mesabrook’s end, this member was able to make a legal request to have their builds and artwork removed from the Mesabrook project.

4. (biology) Without, not possessing; lacking.

   excaudate, exstipulate

使用する際の注意点

• Sometimes the x in ex- is elided before certain constants, being reduced to e- (as, e.g., in ejaculate and egregious which are borrowed from Latin).
• Words derived from ex- in the sense of former are usually formed with a hyphen. Using hyphen is recommended by GPO manual.

同意語

• (outside): out-, exo-, ecto-
• (former): then-
• (lacking): an-, -less, -free

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “outside”): in-, intra-, en-/em-/im-, end-/endo-/ento-

派生語

Derived words without entries:

参考

• e-
• ex
• extra-

参照

Further reading

• “ex-”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• “ex-”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
• “ex-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
• “ex-”, in Collins English Dictionary.
• ex- in Britannica Dictionary
• John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “ex-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.
• John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “ex-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.

アナグラム

• XE, xe

語源

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

接頭辞

ex-

1. privation

   ‎ef- + ‎flouren → ‎efflouren

派生語

語源

The preposition ex, ē used in combination.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ɛks]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [eks]

接頭辞

ex-

1. out, away

   ‎ē- + ‎veniō → ‎ēveniō

   ‎ex- + ‎clāmō (“call, shout”) → ‎exclāmō (“call out, exclaim”)

   ‎ex- + ‎eō (“go”) → ‎exeō (“exit, depart”)

2. throughout

   ‎ē- + ‎dormiō → ‎ēdormiō

   ‎ē- + ‎pōtō (“drink”) → ‎ēpōtō (“drink up”)

3. (intensive) thoroughly

   ‎ē- + ‎dūrus → ‎ēdūrō

   ‎ex- + ‎acuō → ‎exacuō

4. denoting achievement

   ‎ex- + ‎ōrō → ‎exōrō

   ‎ex- + ‎pugnō (“battle, fight, combat”) → ‎expugnō (“capture, conquer”)

5. up

   ‎ex- + ‎aggerō → ‎exaggerō

   ‎ex- + ‎struō (“pile, arrange”) → ‎exstruō (“heap up, build up, construct”)

6. denoting privation

   ‎ex- + ‎anima (“air, breath, soul, life”) → ‎exanimō (“deprive of air, deprive of life”)

   ‎ex- + ‎sanguis (“blood”) → ‎exsanguis (“deprived of blood, bloodless”)

派生語

派生した語

参照

• “ex-” on pages 629–630 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)