gel-uとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Proto-Indo-European *gel-u-, Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”). Related to English cold.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈɡɛ.ɫuː], [ˈɡɛ.ɫʊ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈd͡ʒɛː.lu]

名詞

gelū̆ n sg (genitive gelūs or gelū); fourth declension

1. frost
   • 43 BCE – c. 17 CE, Ovidius, Nux 106, (Traditionally attributed to Ovid, but authorship debated):

     At mihi nec grando, duris invisa colonis,
     Nec ventus fraudi solve geluve fuit

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 15th century, A nominale [with a mentioning]. In: Anglo-Saxon and old English vocabularies by Thomas Wright. Second edition. Edited and collated by Richard Paul Wülcker. Volume I: Vocabularies, London, 1884, column 736:

     Hoc gelu, indeclinabile, frost.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. cold, chill

   Near-synonym: frīgus

使用する際の注意点

• The most frequent form by far is the ablative singular gelū, which is ambiguous in gender and can equally be taken as a form of masculine fourth-declension gelus. Other forms have either limited or no attestation in ancient texts:
  • The nominative/accusative/vocative singular is attested in the first-century poem Nux (possibly by Ovid, alternatively by a Pseudo-Ovid). Additional attestations occur in Late Latin, Medieval Latin and New Latin.
  • The rare genitive singular gelūs is shared with masculine gelus.
  • The dative singular is unattested (aside from a few rare examples in New Latin).
• The gender and inflection are discussed by some Late Latin grammarians:
  • Charisius describes it as a 4th-declension neuter noun with a single case ending in the singular (monoptote), and considers such nouns to end in the letter -⟨u⟩ in the nominative and in all singular cases.
  • Diomedes Grammaticus describes it as ending in short -u in the nominative/accusative/vocative and long -ū in the genitive, dative and ablative.
  • Priscian describes gelū as a 4th-declension neuter noun and considers masculine gelus archaic. Priscian says 4th-declension neuter nouns are indeclinable in the singular with long -ū throughout, although he acknowledges a variant opinion that posits short -u in the nom/acc/voc and long -ū in other cases.

語形変化

Fourth-declension noun (neuter), singular only.

The length of the final vowel is uncertain in the nominative/accusative/vocative singular; Martianus Capella considers it to end with -ū, while Servius considers it to end with -ŭ.
According to Martianus Capella.
According to Servius.
According to both.

関連する語

• gelidus
• gelō
• gelicidium

派生した語

参照

Further reading

• “gelū” in volume 6, part 2, column 1732, line 1 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
• “gelu”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “gelu”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “gelu”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be numb with cold: frigore (gelu) rigere, torpere
    
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “gelus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 4: G H I, page 90