in kindとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Calque of Latin in specie.

発音

前置詞句

in kind

1. (usually after the noun) In the form of goods and services rather than money.

   Antonym: in specie

   In the era before the widespread monetization of transactions with currency, barter was the usual form of selling and buying for farmers, and payment of taxes was often in kind; that is, farmers' payment method was most often their produce itself.

   How much did he give? – Hard to say. It was all in kind.

   The pay is OK, but the real attraction is all the benefits in kind.

   • 1856, “Treaty signed April 18, 1855; ratified April 5, 1856”, in Treaty of friendship and commerce between Great Britain and Siam, Bangkok: J. H. Chandler, page 13:

     On all articles of import the duties shall be three per cent, payable at the option of the importer, either in kind or money, calculated upon the market value of the goods.

派生語

副詞

in kind (not comparable)

1. (of paying or giving) With goods or services (as opposed to cash).

   Synonyms: in trade, take out in trade

   I made some donations to the charity, not in money, but in kind, such as non-perishable food.

2. (idiomatic) In a reciprocal manner; in a similar way; in the same kind.

   Synonyms: equivalently, reciprocally, similarly

   • 2015 December 5, Alan Smith, “Leicester City back on top as Riyad Mahrez hat-trick downs Swansea City”, in The Guardian (London)‎:

     Vardy drilled over after getting behind Bartley and also hit the side-netting, resulting in the loudest cheer of the day from the Swansea fans after he kicked an advertising board in frustration. He responded in kind by showing them three fingers with one hand and making a zero with the other.

   • 2021 March 10, Drachinifel, 17:51 from the start, in Guadalcanal Campaign - The Big Night Battle: Night 1 (IJN 3(?) : 2 USN)‎, archived from the original on 17 October 2022:

     Armor-piercing shells were heading up the shell hoists, but this procedure took a few minutes, allowing the battered American flagship to reply in kind, the gunners somewhat motivated to set new records for the rate of fire as the cruiser raked the larger ship from stem to stern in response.

使用する際の注意点

• Frequently in the phrase payment in kind.

参考

• compensation
• emolument

参照

Further reading

• payment in kind on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

形容詞

in-kind (not comparable)

1. (payment or gift) consisting of goods or commodities (as opposed to money).

   Hypernym: moneyless

   I made an in-kind donation to the charity after cleaning out old clothing from my closet.

   As a self-funded museum, we only receive in-kind support from the government, which provides us with some documents and articles of historic significance.

   Free guarana soda from 2pm on is just one of the many in-kind benefits for employees here.

使用する際の注意点

• In the US "in-kind" before a noun is much more common than in kind after.

同意語

• non-monetary