locustaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

参照

• “locusta”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

アナグラム

• Tuscola, costula, couatls, talcous

語源

The origin is uncertain, length of the first vowel varies. According to De Vaan, the only word similar in form and meaning is lacerta (“lizard; mackerel”) and “they could be cognate words in the language from which Latin borrowed these forms”. Pokorny connects lō̆custa and lacerta with Ancient Greek λάξ (láx) λάγδην (lágdēn, “with the foot”, adverb), λάκτις (láktis, “pestle”), λικερτίζειν (likertízein, “to jump, to dance”) and Old Norse leggr (“lower leg, bone”), Lombardic lagi (“thigh”), deriving all from Proto-Indo-European *lek- (“joint, member; to bend, to wind”), explaining lō̆custa as “equipped with joints”. This is considered unconvincing by De Vaan.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ɫoːˈkʊs.ta], [ɫɔˈkʊs.ta]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [loˈkus.t̪a]
• Note: in Late Latin hexameter poetry, the vowel normally scans short, in contrast to the personal name where it scans long.

名詞

lō̆custa f (genitive lō̆custae); first declension

1. a grasshopper or locust
   • 2015, Tuomo Pekkanen, Ingentes greges locustarum in Russia meridionali. [1], Nuntii Latini 7.8.2015:

     Ingentēs gregēs lō̆custārum regiōnem Stavropolis in Russiā merīdiōnālī invāsērunt.

     A giant swarm of locusts has invaded the Stavropolsky district in southern Russia.

2. a crustacean, (prob) a kind of lobster

   lō̆custa marīna/maris ― a crustacean (literally, “a sea grasshopper”)

語形変化

First-declension noun.

派生語

• prius pariet lō̆custa Lūcam bovem
• Lō̆custa, Lū̆custa

派生した語

• Late Latin: lacusta (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings

• → Italian: locusta
• → Old French: locuste
  • French: locuste
  • → Middle English: locuste, locust, locusta
    • English: locust
• → Portuguese: locusta
• → Romanian: locustă
• →? Old English: loppestre, lopustre, lopystre
  • Middle English: loppestere
    • English: lobster
    • Scots: lapster, labster
    • Yola: labstaar

参照

• “locusta” on page 1145 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
• Pokorny, Julius (1959), “2. lek-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 673
• Ernout, Alfred; Meillet, Antoine (1985), “locusta”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 365ab
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “locusta”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 347-348

Further reading

• “locusta”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “locusta”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "locusta", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “locusta”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “locusta”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “locusta”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray