RU2436632C1 - Device for grain hulling - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to technology of grain and seeds hulling and is designed for use in flour and cereals industry, mixed fodder and food industries. The device for grain hulling comprises conical elements vertically and coaxially installed with a gap for grain passage, inner of which has an abrasive working surface, which is made as interrupted. Conical elements are installed so that their bases are facing upwards, the angle of cone 2α in the inner conical element is less than the angle of cone 2β in the inner conical element, besides, the inner conical element is mounted with the possibility of reciprocal displacement with controlled frequency and amplitude, is made as hollow and has windows in the upper part for passage of hulled grain, and in the working zone of hulling there are holes provided for compressed air supply at grain. The external conical element is mounted with the possibility of rotation, and a replaceable meshy shell is fixed to it, diameter of holes in which depends on a size of hulled grain. Conical elements may be installed coaxially or with the specified eccentricity, creating various shapes of the working hulling zone depending on strength of shell (film) attachment to a kernel of hulled grain and its size.

EFFECT: device provides for increased efficiency and quality of hulling grains of various cereals.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a technique for peeling grain and seeds and is intended for use in the milling and cereal, animal feed and food industries.

In the devices used for peeling grain (Sokolov A.Ya. Technological equipment for grain storage and processing enterprises. M., Kolos, 1967, 488 pp.), Rotating abrasive disks and a fixed metal mesh shell are used to form a peeling working zone ( p. 396-398), an abrasive drum and a mesh shell (p. 398), an abrasive drum (gollendr) and a mesh cylinder (p. 388-403). In valcedec machines, grain flakes between an abrasive drum and a stationary abrasive or rubber deck (Food Processing Machines and Appliances. In 2 books. Book 1: Textbook for high schools / S.T. Antipov, I.T. Kretov, A.N. Ostrikov et al .; Edited by the academician of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences V.A. Panfilov. - M.: Higher school, 2001, 703 pp. pp. 361-362).

In all the above devices and similar ones with an abrasive disk, drum or deck, it is necessary to regularly groove the grooves and restore the rough surface of the abrasive, as well as to grind the deck if it is rubberized, which is time-consuming operations. In addition, their disadvantages include the complexity of the design, material and energy consumption, as well as the lack of universality, i.e. their use for peeling grains of various cultures, with the exception of valcedec machines, which allow regulation of the gap between the deck (rubber or abrasive) and the abrasive drum when peeling buckwheat and millet.

The closest technical solution is the device according to patent RU No. 2043154 for peeling grain, containing a conical coaxial body and an abrasive rotor facing down with the bases of their conical surfaces, ribs mounted on the inner surface of the body with the ability to control the depth of the protrusion and arranged in rows, the number of which depends on graininess of the abrasive rotor, the conical surface of which is made with discrete graininess. This device has the disadvantages described above, despite the fact that the abrasive surface is made with discrete grit, it also requires frequent restoration, and the location of the conical peeling working area with the base down does not provide uniform movement of the peeled mass, which will reduce the effectiveness of the peeling process.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a universal device for peeling grains of various cereal crops with a more durable connection of the grain shell with the kernel, increasing the productivity and quality of peeling of grain.

The device for peeling grain contains vertically and coaxially mounted with a gap for the passage of grain conical elements, the inner of which has an abrasive working surface, and the abrasive surface of the inner conical element is made intermittent. Intermittent working abrasive surface of the punch does not require frequent restoration of roughness, because less greasy and provides a longer device.

The conical elements are mounted so that their base faces up. The inner conical element is mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement with adjustable frequency and amplitude, made hollow and has in the upper part of the window for the passage of flaked grain, and in the working area of the peeling - holes for supplying compressed air to the grain, while the outer conical element is mounted with possibility of rotation, a removable mesh shell is attached to it, the diameter of the holes of which depends on the size of the husked grain. To peel cereal crops with a stronger bond of the shell (film) to the core, an offset of the internal conical element by the eccentricity value f is provided, and the working area of peeling will be an asymmetric wedge-shaped shape in the longitudinal section, and sickle-shaped in the section perpendicular to the axis of the cones. In this case, the grain shells will experience pressure not only in the axial direction, but also in a circular motion, which will more easily free the core from the film.

Flakable grains, moving from top to bottom under the influence of their own weight, are subjected to impulse impacts of the internal conical element, are rubbed between themselves and the contact surfaces of the working bodies of the device: the abrasive surface of the internal conical element and the mesh shell. For high-quality peeling, they must be in the working area for a certain time, which is ensured by the supply of compressed air through the openings in the working area and the design of the device, due to which centrifugal forces acting on the grains compress the upper layers with greater force than the lower ones and facilitate their smooth movement way down. In the proposed device for grains of cereal crops with low strength connecting the shell (film) with the kernel of the grain, the outer and inner conical elements are installed coaxially, creating the shape of a peeling working zone in the form of a wedge, because the cone angle 2α of the inner conical element is smaller than the cone angle 2β of the outer conical element.

The presence of an intermittent working abrasive surface in the inner conical element when installing the inner and outer conical elements with eccentricity relative to each other, the selection of optimal cone angles, as well as the appointment of the optimal operating modes of the installation provides an increase in the productivity and quality of peeling of grains of various cereal crops.

Selecting the operating modes of the device - the number of double strokes of the inner conical element and the amplitude of its movement, as well as the frequency of rotation of the outer conical element, the diameter of the holes of the removable mesh shell, it is possible to peel the grain of various cereal crops.

Figure 1 shows the proposed device.

It consists of a hollow inner conical element 1, in the upper part of which there are windows 2 for supplying grain and openings 3 for supplying compressed air, it receives reciprocating motion from the electric motor 4 through the cam 5, and the outer conical element 6 is rotated from a separate electric motor 7. Between the inner and outer conical elements there is a replaceable mesh shell 8 with holes, the diameter of which is selected depending on the size of the husked grain. The husked grain is loaded into the hopper 9, the husked grain is collected in a tank 10.

Figure 2 shows a vertical and horizontal section of the device, which shows: the angles of the cone of the inner and outer conical elements.

Figure 3 shows the displacement of the inner conical element by the amount of eccentricity f.

The principle of operation of the device is as follows.

Grain from the hopper, moving along the nozzles, is fed into the upper part of the hollow inner conical element, from which it is uniformly fed through the windows into the working area. Grains, subjected to impacts from the reciprocating motion of the inner conical element and rubbing among themselves, as well as participating in the rotational movement from the outer conical element, with the mesh shell attached to it, are released from the shells. The efficiency and quality of the peeling is also enhanced by the fact that compressed air is supplied through the openings to the working area of the peeling. A stream of air passing through the mass of husked grain reduces the rate of lowering of the grain, which is necessary for better completion of the peeling process.

In the proposed device for peeling grain and seeds, the inner and outer conical element are installed with eccentricity, creating the shape of the working zone of peeling in the form of a wedge, because the cone angle 2α of the inner conical element is smaller than the cone angle 2β of the outer conical element. The presence of an intermittent working abrasive surface on the inner conical element together with a removable mesh shell when they are installed relative to each other and the selection of optimal cone angles, as well as the appointment of optimal plant operating modes, allows to increase the productivity and quality of peeling of grains of various cereal crops.

Claims (1)

A device for peeling grain, containing vertically and coaxially mounted conical elements with a clearance for the passage of grain, the inner of which has an abrasive working surface, characterized in that the conical elements are installed so that their bases are facing up, the inner conical element is mounted with a reciprocating moving with adjustable frequency and amplitude, made hollow and has in the upper part of the window for the passage of husked grain, and in the working area of peeling - holes for feeding grain of compressed air, the abrasive working surface is intermittent, while the outer conical element is mounted for rotation, a removable mesh shell is attached to it, the diameter of the holes of which depends on the size of the husked grain, the cone angle 2α of the inner conical element is smaller than the cone 2β of the outer conical element, moreover, a shift of the inner conical element by the amount of eccentricity f is provided.

Images