RU2446012C2 - Device for grain peeling - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a technique of peeling corn and seeds, and is intended for use in milling, feed-stuff and food industries. The device comprises conical elements vertically and coaxially mounted with a gap for passage of grain, turned the bases up. The inner conical element is made hollow and has an abrasive working surface at the upper part of the window for passage of peeled grain, and in the working area of peeling it has holes to feed on grain of compressed air, and is mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement with adjustable frequency and amplitude. The outer conical element is mounted with an ability to rotate and a removable mesh shell is attached thereto, the hole diameter of which depends on the size of peeled grain.

EFFECT: implementation of the device enables to improve performance and quality of peeling due to the fact that the grain is involved in a complex motion that is created between the abrasive surface of the inner conical element and a mesh shell attached to the outer conical element, and an air flow passing through the peeled grain mass reduces the speed of its passage through the working area.

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Description

The invention relates to a technique for peeling grain and seeds and is intended for use in the milling and cereal, animal feed and food industries.

A device is known for a peeling-grinding machine (Sokolov A.Ya. Technological equipment for grain storage and processing enterprises. M .: Kolos, 1967, p. 396-398), in which the grain is subjected to intense friction between rotating abrasive disks and a fixed mesh shell. The disadvantages of this device are the complex circuit that forms the working chamber for peeling, in which the formation of "dead" zones between the abrasive disks and the shell, as well as the difficulty of ensuring the tightness of the working chamber for stable and efficient operation of the device with air supplied through the hollow disks, are possible.

In the device of the peeling machine F.S. Fedorov (Sokolov A.Y. Technological equipment for grain storage and processing enterprises. M .: Kolos, 1967, p. 398), the working bodies are an abrasive drum and a mesh shell rotating in opposite directions, and in the device of a peeling machine of periodic action (Sokolov A.Ya. Technological equipment of grain storage and processing enterprises. M: Kolos, 1967, pp. 398-403), an abrasive drum (golander) and a mesh cylinder are also rotated in opposite directions. It has a number of disadvantages: the complexity of manufacturing the working bodies, material consumption and design complexity, energy intensity, lack of versatility in peeling grain of various cereal crops.

The closest technical solution is the device according to patent RU No. 2043154 for peeling buckwheat and millet grains, containing a conical coaxial body and an abrasive rotor facing down with the bases of their conical surfaces, ribs mounted on the inner surface of the body with the possibility of adjusting the depth of the protrusion and arranged in rows, number which depends on the grain size of the abrasive rotor, the conical surface of which is made with discrete grain size.

This device has the disadvantages indicated above, in addition, the abrasive surface of the rotor, made with discrete grain size, requires frequent restoration, rubber ribs require frequent grinding, as a result of which the working bodies work inefficiently, which reduces the productivity of the process.

The objective of the invention is to provide a universal device for peeling grains of various cereal crops, having high performance and providing high quality peeling of grain.

The device for peeling grain contains conical elements vertically and coaxially mounted with a gap for the passage of grain, the inner of which has an abrasive working surface.

The conical elements are mounted so that their base faces up. The inner conical element is mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement with adjustable frequency and amplitude, made hollow and has in the upper part of the window for the passage of flaky grain, and in the working area of the peeling - holes for supplying compressed air to the grain, while the outer conical element is mounted with possibility of rotation and a removable mesh shell is attached to it, the diameter of the holes of which depends on the size of the husked grain.

Flaky grains, moving from top to bottom under the influence of their own weight, are subjected to impulse impacts of the internal conical element, are rubbed between themselves and the contact surfaces of the working bodies of the device: the abrasive surface of the internal conical element and the mesh shell. For high-quality peeling, the grains must be in the working area for a certain period of time, which is ensured by the supply of compressed air to this zone through the holes of the internal conical element and the arrangement of the conical elements with their bases upward, due to which the centrifugal forces acting on the grains compress the upper layers with greater force and contribute to their smooth downward movement.

Selecting the operating modes of the device: the number of double strokes of the inner conical element and the amplitude of its movement, as well as the frequency of rotation of the outer conical element and the diameter of the holes of the removable mesh shell, it is possible to peel the grain of various cereal crops.

The drawing shows the proposed device.

It consists of a hollow inner conical element 1, in the upper part of which there are windows 2 for feeding grain, and in the working area of peeling, holes 3 for supplying compressed air. The inner conical element 1 is driven back and forth from the electric motor 4 through the cam 5, and the outer conical element 6 is rotated from a separate electric motor 7. Between the inner and outer conical elements there is a replaceable mesh shell 8 with holes, the diameter of which is selected depending on size of flaky grain. The grain to be peeled is loaded into the hopper 9, the peeled grain is collected in a container 10.

The principle of operation of the device is as follows.

Grain from the hopper 9 through the nozzles is fed into the upper part of the hollow inner conical element 1, from which it is uniformly fed through the windows 2 into the working area. The grains, subjected to impacts from the reciprocating motion of the inner conical element 1 and rubbed together, as well as participating in the rotational movement from the outer conical element 6 with the mesh shell 8 attached to it, are freed from the shells and collected in the tank 10. Efficiency and quality peeling is also enhanced by the fact that compressed air is supplied to the working area of peeling through the holes 3 of the inner hollow conical element 1. The jet of air that passes through the mass of grain shelushuemogo reduces its rate of lowering the need for better complete peeling process.

Claims (1)

A device for peeling grain containing vertically and coaxially mounted conical elements with a clearance for grain passage, the inner of which has an abrasive working surface, characterized in that the conical elements are installed so that their bases are facing up, the inner conical element is mounted with a reciprocating moving with adjustable frequency and amplitude, made hollow and has in the upper part of the window for the passage of husked grain, and in the working area of peeling - holes for feeding grain of compressed air, while the outer conical element is mounted for rotation and a removable mesh shell is attached to it, the diameter of the holes of which depends on the size of the husked grain.